33 1<  %  2  lUWWS  fflSTORJWl  SURVEY 


FIRST  SPECIAL  REPORT 


OF   THE 


FACTORY  INSPECTORS 


OF  ILLINOIS, 


SMALL-POX  IN  THE  TENEMENT  HOUSE 
SWEAT-SHOPS  OF  CHICAGO, 


JULY  1,  1894. 


SPRINGFIELD,  ILL.: 
H.  W.  EOKKEB,  STATE  PRINTER  AND  BINDER. 

1894. 


FIRST  SPECIAL  REPORT 


OF  THE 


FACTORY  INSPECTORS 


OF  ILLINOIS, 


ON 


SMALL -Pox  IN  THE  TENEMENT  HOUSE 
SWEAT-SHOPS  OF  CHICAGO, 


JULY  1,  1894. 


SPRINGFIELD,  ILL.: 
H.  W.  ROKKEB,  STATE  PBINTEE  AND  BINDEB. 

1894. 


- 


o 


STATE  OF  ILLINOIS, 

OFFICE  OF  FACTORY  INSPECTOR, 

247  W.  POLK  ST. 

CHICAGO,  July,  1,  1894. 
HON  JOHN  P.  ALTGELD, 

Governor  of  Illinois. 

DEAR  SIR: — I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  a  special 
report  on  tenement  house  manufacture  in  Chicago  during  the 
small-pox  epidemic  of  1894,  according  to  your  instruction  of 

June  25th. 

Yours  very  truly, 

FLORENCE  KELLEY, 

State  Factory  Inspector. 


SPECIAL    REPORT 

ON 

Siall-Pox  in  tie  Tenement  Honse  Steal-Slops  ot 


The  work  of  the  State  Factory  Inspectors  during  the  small- 
pox epidemic  of  1894  in  the  sweat-shops  of  Chicago  has  con- 
sisted in  the  enforcement  of  Sections  1  and  2  of  the  factories 
and  workshops  law,  which  are  as  follows: 

SECTION  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  People  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  represented  in 
the  General  Assembly:  That  no  room  or  rooms,  apartment  or  apartments,  in 
any  tenement  or  dwelling  house  used  for  eating  or  sleeping  purposes,  shall 
be  used  for  the  manufacture,  in  whole  or  in  part,  of  coats,  vests,  trous- 
ers, knee-pants,  overalls,  cloaks,  shirts,  ladies'  waists,  purses,  feathers, 
artificial  flowers  or  cigars,  except  by  the  immediate  members  of  the  fam- 
ily living  therein.  Every  such  work-shop  shall  be  kept  in  a  cleanly  state 
and  shall  be  subject  to  the  provisions  of  this  act;  and  each  of  said  articles 
made,  altered,  repaired  or  finished  in  any  of  such  work-shops  shall  be  sub- 
ject to  inspection  and  examination,  as  hereinafter  provided,  for  the  purpose 
of  ascertaining  whether  said  articles,  or  any  of  them,  or  any  part  thereof, 
are  in  a  cleanly  condition  and  free  from  vermin  and  any  matter  of  an  infec- 
tious and  contagious  nature;  and  every  person  so  occupying  or  having  con- 
trol of  any  work-shop  as  aforesaid  shall  within  fourteen  days  from  the 
taking  effect  of  this  act,  or  from  the  time  of  beginning  of  work  in  any 
work-shop  as  aforesaid,  notify  the  board  of  health  of  the  location  of  such 
work-shop,  the  nature  of  the  work  there  carried  on,  and  the  number  of 
persons  therein  employed. 

§  2.  If  the  board  of  health  of  any  city  or  said  State  Inspector  finds 
evidence  of  infectious  or  contagious  diseases  present  in  any  work-shop  or 
in  goods  manufactured  or  in  process  of  manufacture  therein,  and  if  said 
board  or  inspector  shall  find  said  shop  in  an  unhealty  condition,  or  the 
clothing  and  materials  used  therein  to  be  unfit  for  use,  said  board  or  inspec- 
tor shall  issue  such  order  or  orders  as  the  public  health  may  require,  and 
the  board  of  health  are  hereby  enjoined  to  condemn  and  destroy  all  such 
infectious  and  contagious  articles. 

As  there  are  in  Chicago  between  950  and  1,000  licensed  shops 
and  about  25,000  other  rooms  in  which  garments  are  manufac- 
tured, it  would  be  a  hopeless  task  for  any  body  of  inspectors 
to  attempt  to  enforce  these  provisions  in  all  of  them,  and  we 
can  make  no  claim  that  this  has  been  done.  On  the  contrary 
the  following  record  demonstrates  the  impossibility  of  guaran- 
teeing safety  for  the  purchasing  public  so  long  as  tenement 
house  manufacture  is  permitted. 


When  the  presence  of  small-pox  in  the  tenement  house  shops  be- 
came apparent  this  office  was  already  equipped  with  the  latest  lists 
of  the  wholesale  houses,  the  contractors  employed  by  them  in 
so-called  "outside"  shops,  the  addresses  of  employes  who  work 
in  the  large  garment  factories  by  day,  and  carry  home 
goods  for  work  at  night  and  on  Sunday  and,  finally,  with  lists 
of  the  home  finishers  employed  by  the  contractors. 

The  initial  work  embodied  in  our  first  annual  report  last  De- 
cember, had  been  carried  steadily  forward,  and  one  inspector 
detailed  exclusively  to  an  uninterrupted  search  for  evidence  of 
infection  in  the  shops  in  that  district  which  has  since  been  rav- 
aged by  small-pox. 

On  February  9  copies  of  the  following  circular  were  sent  to 
each  of  the  176  wholesalers  and  merchant  tailors  who  control 
the  garment  trades  in  Chicago,  and  to  such  contractors  as  had 
shops  of  any  considerable  size. 

STATE  or  ILLINOIS, 
OFFICE  OF  FACTORY  -INSPECTOR, 
247  W.  POLK  STREET, 

CHICAGO,  FEBRUARY  9,  1894. 

The  daily  reports  of  inspectors  filed  in  this  office  during  the  present 
month  indicate  renewed  activity  in  the  manufacture  of  clothing  in  Chi- 
cago, especially  of  cloaks,  knee-pants  and  neckties.  The  workshops  and 
dwellings  in  which  this  manufacture  is  carried  on  are  found  to  be  numer- 
ous in  the  districts  in  which  small-pox  cases  have  also  been  numerous. 

Contractors  working  in  these  shops  are  reported  obstinately  negligent  in 
regard  to  compliance  with  \\  1  and  7  of  the  workshop  law.  Their  failure 
to  keep  lists  of  the  home  finishers  in  their  employ  (§  7)  and  the  failure  of 
the  home  finishers  to  notify  the  board  of  health  of  their  addresses  (§  1)  ren- 
dered it  very  difficult  for  inspectors  of  this  office  to  find  the  finishers' 
work  places  and  enforce  that  part  of  the  law  which  provides  for  freedom 
from  infection. 

A  rigid  search  of  those  districts  in  which  clothing  is  manufactured  has 
therefore  been  instituted,  and  will  be  maintained  throughout  the  present 
clothing  season. 

All  persons  who  work  in  a  factory  by  day  and  carry  away  from  it 
articles  to  be  worked  upon  in  their  homes,  and  all  persons  who  work 
some  days  in  the  week  in  a  factory  and  some  days  at  home  for  the  same 
employer,  come  under  \  1  of  the  law,  and  are  required  to  comply  with 
it  by  sending  their  names  and  addresses  to  the  board  of  health. 

Employers  who  permit  articles  to  be  taken  from  the  factory  or  work- 
shop to  be  worked  upon  at  night  or  on  Sunday,  and  returned  to  the  fac- 
tory, come  under  §  7  of  the  law,  and  are  required  to  keep  on  file  a  com- 
plete list  of  the  names  and  addresses  of  employe's  by  whom  such  articles  are 
taken. 

To  save  you  possible  loss  of  goods  you  are  hereby  notified  that  \\  1  and 
7  will  be  enforced  by  prosecuting  all  violations  and  by  ordering  infectious 
goods  immediately  destroyed,  in  accordance  with  \$  9  and  2  of  the  law. 
Very  truly  yours, 

FLORENCE  KELLEY, 

Factory  Inspector. 

Copies  of  this  circular  were  also  sent  to  the  daily  papers  of 
Chicago,  with  a  request  for  editorial  notice  pointing  out  the 
impending  danger  and  urging  obedience  to  the  law. 


Of  the  whole  number  of  garment  manufacturers  in  the  city 
less  than  half  a  dozen  took  the  trouble  to  obtain  lists  of  the 
home  finishers  employed  by  their  contractors,  and,  so  far  as 
known  to  the  inspectors,  no  contractor  voluntarily  registered 
with  the  board  of  health,  or  required  his  home  finishers  to  do 
so.  So  complete  was  the  indifference  of  all  concerned,  both  to 
the  danger  of  infection  and  to  our  efforts  to  enforce  these  sec- 
tions of  the  law,  that  in  March  we  prosecuted,  under  §  1,  Hy- 
man  Kapize,  a  cloakmaker  living  at  83  Wilson  street,  and 
working  for  F.  Siegel  &  Bros.,  in  their  factory  by  day  and  in 
his  tenement  bed-room  at  night  and  on  Sundays. 

Tenement  House  Workers  Violate  the  Law. 

In  the  course  of  the  trial  Mr.  Joseph  Greenhut,  statistician  of 
the  city  board  of  health,  who  was  summoned  as  a  witness^ 
testified  that  no  contractor  or  home  finisher  had  ever  volun- 
tarily complied  either  with  the  State  law  or  with  the  city 
ordinance  requiring  registration,  but  that  he  was  obliged  to 
send  out  men  from  the  board  of  health  to  compel  the  tailors 
to  register  under  threat  of  prosecution  and  of  having  their 
shops  closed  as  nuisances. 

The  prosecution  and  fining  of  Kapize  produced  no  effect, 
although  small-pox  was  already  gaining  a  foothold  among  the 
sweater  shops  and  home  workers.  It  was  manifestly  hopeless 
to  prosecute  hundreds  of  the  poorest  of  the  poor — the  home 
garment  workers  of  the  city — to  compel  them  to  register;  and 
there  was  no  prospect  of  any  co-operation  on  the  part  of  the 
wholesalers  whose  control  over  their  outside  employes  is  abso- 
lute. This  control  has  been  constantly  shown  throughout  the 
epidemic,  a  hint  from  the  down  town  foreman  invariably  find- 
ing instant  compliance,  when  threats  of  arrest  made  by  the  in- 
spectors were  calmly  defied.  The  problem,  therefore,  now  was 
how  to  reach  the  comparatively  few  wholesalers  and  through 
them  the  multitude  of  tenement  house  workers. 

A  random  search  among  a  thousand  shops  and  25,000  to 
30,000  other  rooms  being  out  of  the  question,  we  obtained  from, 
the  city  board  of  health  a  daily  list  of  cases  of  infectious  dis- 
ease, compared  these  addresses  with  our  office  lists,  and  made 
immediate  inspections  of  shops  in  and  near  the  infected  premises. 
In  the  course  of  these  inspections  we  found  so  many  cases  of 
small-pox  which  had  not  been  reported  to  us  that  we  soon 
ceased  to  depend  on  the  city  hall  lists  alone,  and  supplemented 
them  with  the  daily  lists  of  diagnoses  of  the  district  physicians, 
of  which  the  number  varied,  during  a  part  of  the  time,  from  30. 
to  47  in  a  single  district  in  a  day. 

The  Infected  District. 

In  April  it  became  clear  that,  while  there  was  an  occasional 
case  of  small-pox  among  the  Swedish  tailors  on  the  north  side, 


the  disease  was  overwhelmingly  epidemic  in  the  Polish  and  Bo- 
hemian district  extending  from  16th  street  south  to  the  river, 
and  from  May  street  westward  to  the  city  limits.  Here  we  have 
found  273  different  tenement  houses  infected,  and  the  disease  is 
still  prevalent  in  this  district. 

The  prejudice  against  vaccination,  which  is  obstinate  and  wide- 
spread among  the  population  in  this  part  of  the  city,  contrib- 
uted largely  to  the  spread  of  small-pox;  and  it  was  not  until 
the  tailors  found  their  shops  empty  during  the  months  which 
usually  constitute  the  height  of  the  season,  that  they  reluctantly 
consented  to  vaccination  for  themselves  and  their  employes. 
This  change  was  brought  about  only  when  the  press  had  pub- 
lished a  mass  of  information,  obtained  from  this  office,  of  a 
nature  so  appalling  that  Dr.  Arthur  Reynolds,  Commissioner  of 
Health  of  Chicago,  in  response  to  public  clamor  issued  the  fol- 
lowing circular  to  the  garment  manufacturers  and  wholesalers 
of  the  city,  on  the  27th  of  April: 

GENTLEMEN: — From  information  furnished  by  the  State  Factory  In- 
spectors, I  am  convinced  that  the  danger  of  small-pox  contagion  is  very 
great  in  the  tenement  house  shops  of  this  city  where  clothing  is  being 
made  up.  Not  only  are  the  so-called  "sweat-shops"  in  the  infected  regions, 
but  the  men,  women  and  children  employed  in  them  all  live  in  these  re- 
gions, and  are  daily  exposed  to  the  disease.  The  inspectors'  investigations 
have  shown  that  not  more  than  five  per  cent,  of  these  employe's  have  been 
vaccinated. 

It  becomes  my  duty  to  see  that  this  sanitary  precaution  is  taken,  and 
your  co-operation  is  invited  because  you  have  work  done  in  these  shops. 
I  suggest  that  you  decline  to  give  out  any  more  work  to  outside  shops 
until  your  contractors  furnish  proof  that  all  their  employes  in  the  shops 
and  those  who  take  work  from  them  to  be  finished  at  home,  have  been 
vaccinated.  No  excuse  can  be  taken  for  neglect  of  this  simple  precaution. 

The  detailed  record  of  inspections  which  follows  shows  the  de- 
fiance of  the  law  on  the  part  of  the  local  health  authorities, 
and  of  the  garment  manufacturers  from  the  wholesalers  down 
to  the  home  finishers,  until  May  12,  when  Commissioner  Rey- 
nolds reluctantly  consented,  under  threat  of  immediate  man- 
damus proceedings,  to  destroy  one  lot  of  clothing,  found  at 
699  Alport  street,  in  an  unquestionably  infectious  condition. 
Up  to  this  time  he  had  refused  to  comply  with  that  part  of  §  2 
of  the  law  which  provides  that  the  local  board  of  health  shall 
condemn  and  destroy  infectious  clothing. 

Goods  Condemned  and  Destroyed. 

Four  different  lots  of  goods,  belonging  to  four  different  firms, 
having  been  condemned  and  destroyed  on  the  infected  premises, 
the  effect  upon  the  manufacturers  and  the  local  authorities  was 
decisive.  The  City  Board  of  Health  provided  a  public  sterilizer, 
and  from  this  time  the  removal  of  patients  to  the  pesthouse 
and  the  fumigation  of  infected  premises  was  somewhat  expedited. 


Ineffectual  Measures  Adopted. 

A  meeting  of  representatives  of  the  boards  of  health  of  Michi- 
gan, Wisconsin,  Illinois,  Ohio  and  Indiana,  with  representatives 
of  the  garment  manufacturers  of  Chicago,  was  held  at  the  Grand 
Pacific  hotel,  in  this  city,  on  Thursday,  May  10.  At  this  meet- 
ing we  pointed  out  the  impossibility  of  guaranteeing  as  non- 
infectious  garments  made  in  the  tenement  houses,  by  reason  of 
the  vast  number  of  rooms  to  be  watched,  the  vital  interests  of 
the  tenants  in  concealing  the  disease,  and  the  reckless  manner 
in  which  garment  wrorkers  were  moving  their  shops  and  homes. 

We  urged  upon  the  representatives  of  the  manufacturers  and 
the  health  authorities  the  necessity  of  suspending  tenement 
house  manufacture  during  at  least  six  months,  and  of  trans- 
ferring all  work  to  suitable  factories.  This  the  manufacturers' 
representatives  united  in  calling  an  impossibility  for  the  imme- 
diate present.  We  then  urged  them  at  least  to  refrain  from 
sending  out  goods  to  be  made  up  in  the  infected  district.  This 
measure  no  one  could  deem  impossible,  since  there  are  shops  in 
other  districts  of  the  city  where  the  disease  was  not  epidemic. 
This  very  moderate  precautionary  measure  also  was  rejected, 
and  instead  a  proposition  was  agreed  upon  to  institute  "an 
efficient  daily  inspection  of  all  shops  and  workrooms."  In  view 
of  the  fact  that  the  30,000  garment  workrooms  of  Chicago  would 
require,  for  "an  efficient  daily  inspection,"  fifteen  hundred  (1,500) 
inspectors  empowered  to  force  an  entry  into  any  bedroom, 
kitchen,  stable,  or  cellar,  at  any  hour,  this  project  could  not,  in 
the  nature  of  things,  prove  effectual,  and  this  we  pointed  out. 

Limitations  of  the  Law. 

That  the  measures  taken  have  not  been  effectual  in  stopping 
the  sending  out  of  infectious  clothing,  this  report  amply  shows. 
After  two  months  added  experience,  the  inspectors  can  only  re- 
peat, with  renewed  emphasis,  the  warning  that  there  is  no  safety 
for  the  purchasing  public  while  tenement  house  manufacture  is 
tolerated,  and  express  their  conviction,  that  half-way  measures 
of  inspection  are  extremely  dangerous  because  they  lull  the  pur- 
chasing public  into  a  false  sense  of  security. 

It  cannot  be  too  much  emphasized  that  the  difficulties  in  the 
way  of  successful  inspection  of  all  tenement  house  shops  are  in- 
superable difficulties,  by  reason  of  the  vast  number  of  the  shops, 
and  the  shifting  about  of  the  workers.  They  are  here  to-day 
and  gone  to-morrow.  It  has  been  the  sole  occupation  of  a 
faithful  and  skillful  factory  inspector  for  a  year  to  obtain  lists 
of  addresses  of  garment  \vorkers,  but  these  lists  require  daily 
revision  to  keep  them  even  approximately  correct. 

From  the  foregoing  facts  and  from  the  record  of  illustrative 
cases  which  follows,  it  is  clear  that  the  factories  and  workshops 
act,  in  its  present  crude  and  imperfect  form,  has  afforded  a  cer- 
tain degree  of  protection  to  the  purchasing  public.  Although  it 


10 

is  impossible  that  any  regulation  of  tenement  house  manufac- 
ture should  render  it  free  from  the  danger  of  spreading  infection, 
yet  the  power  vested  in  the  State  Inspectors  to  search  for  evi- 
dence of  infection,  and  to  compel  the  local  authorities  to  destroy 
infectious  goods,  has  served  to  check,  to  some  extent,  the  send- 
ing of  garments  to  be  made  up  in  the  infectious  district.  In- 
deed, one  of  the  largest  firms  sent  no  more  work  there  after  the 
first  batch  of  goods  was  burned,  and,  although  there  were  more 
than  two  hundred  shops  running  in  the  district  during  the 
week  ending  May  26,  the  reports  of  our  inspections  through 
the  month  of  June  show  that  a  number  of  the  too-slowly 
alarmed  manufacturers  have  at  last  partially  withdrawn  their 
work  from  this  district.  Through  June,  while  we  found  little 
diminution  of  the  disease,  we  have  found  a  great  number  of 
shops  on  infectious  premises  closed. 

It  has  seemed  needless  to  recount  in  detail  the  scores  of  cases 
in  which  small-pox  was  found  next  door  to  a  sweater  shop,  and 
no  work  in  the  shop;  or  where  the  disease  was  two  or  three 
doors  away  from  a  shop ;  or  where  the  sweater  was  found  work- 
ing, but  the  inspection  was  made  to  ascertain  whether  the  em- 
ployes had  been  vaccinated  and  where  they  lived,  with  a  view 
to  investigating  whether  there  was  infection  in  their  homes. 
The  inspections  made  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  the  sweater's 
new  lists  of  home  finishers,  that  these  homes  might  be  searched 
for  the  disease,  have  also  been  omitted,  as  adding  nothing 
essential  to  the  bill  of  particulars  herewith  submitted. 

RECORD  OF    ILLUSTRATIVE    CASES. 

April  24,  1894— Anton  Horky,  665  Alport  Street,  custom  tailor 
for  M.  Born  &  Co.,  25O  Market  Street.  Inspectors  Bisno  and 
Stevens. 

This  shop  is  on  the  second  floor  rear,  entrance  through 
Horky's  kitchen.  The  inspectors  found  one  man  working  on  a 
fine  custom  coat,  another  coat  in  process  of  manufacture,  and 
Horky  gone  dowrn  town  to  get  more  work.  Before  they  left,  he 
returned  with  two  more  coats  for  Born  &  Co.,  and  stated  that 
he  had  been  working  steadily  during  the  last  two  weeks. 
Horky's  shop  and  living  rooms  are  in  the  rear  upper  floor  of  a 
frame  tenement  house,  in  which  four  families  are  living.  In  the 
rear,  lower  floor,  lives  James  Olisar,  in  whose  family  there  has 
been  small-pox  for  three  weeks,  seven  cases  and  one  death.  A 
yellow  card  was  placed  on  the  side  of  the  house  two  weeks  ago, 
after  a  baby  died,  but  no  quarantine  is  maintained.  The  four 
children  of  Horky  and  the  sick  children  of  the  Olisar  family 
play  together,  and  the  two  families  use  the  same  vaults. 

Inspector  Stevens  reported  to  Commissioner  Reynolds  the  con- 
dition of  these  premises,  and  required  of  him  the  destruction  of 
the  goods  in  Horky's  home  shop,  in  accordance  with  §  2  of  the 
Factory  and  Workshop  act.  Commissioner  Reynolds  replied  that 
under  no  circumstances  would  he  destroy  goods,  as  fumigation 


11 

only  was  necessary.  He  promised  to  have  the  goods  at  665 
Alport  street  fumigated  on  Wednesday,  April  25.  Owing  to 
the  absence  of  accessible  records  in  the  city  health  department 
we  have  never  been  able  to  ascertain  if  this  was  done. 

April  25 — Inspector  Stevens  notified  M.  Born  &  Co.,  that  their 
goods,  now  in  Horky's  possession,  must  not  be  received  until 
they  had  been  disinfected,  and  that  Horky  could  do  no  more 
work  in  his  shop  at  665  Alport  street?  until  it  was  separated 
from  his  living  rooms  as  required  by  §  1  of  the  Workshop  law. 

April  26— Inspectors  Bisno  and  Hickey  visited  Horky's  shop, 
found  no  work  on  the  premises  and  served  notice  on  him  to 
separate  shop  from  dwelling. 

There  followed  a  recurrence  of  small-pox  at  665  Alport  street, 
on  May  12,  in  the  Varbeck  family.  In  connection  with  this 
case  especial  attention  is  asked  for  the  record  of  cases  by  streets, 
with  which  this  report  closes,  as  showing  how  heavy  is  the 
probability  of  recurrence  where  small-pox  has  appeared  in  a 
tenement  house,  the  interval  even  exceeding  in  some  houses  the 
eighteen  days  which  have  been  assumed  to  constitute  the  nor- 
mal limit  of  recurrence.  It  is  impossible  to  induce  people  as 
sorely  in  need  as  the  garment-workers  of  Chicago,  to  suspend 
work  during  three  weeks  merely  because  some  fellow  tenant  in  a 
crowded  tenement  house  has  a  sick  child.  And  he  must  be  both 
a  sanguine  optimist  and  comfortably  ignorant  of  the  ways  of 
the  dwellers  in  tenements,  who  expects  of  them  any  such  reason- 
able precaution  as  isolation  of  the  patient.  Indeed,  the  intimacy 
bred  of  overcrowding  is  increased  in  times  of  sickness,  and  neigh- 
bors help  with  the  nursing,  sit  up  with  the  dead,  and  attend 
the  funeral,  with  dogged  disregard  of  the  infectious  nature  of  the 
malady. 

April  24,  1894. — Simon  Marsalek,  756  Alport  Street,  coatmak- 
er  for  Kuh,  Nathan  &  Fischer,  Franklin  and  Van  Buren 
Streets.  Inspectors  Stevens  and  Bisno. 

The  inspectors  found  Marsalek  not  working.  The  shop,  in 
which  eight  persons  are  ordinarily  employed,  is  a  most  filthy 
room,  reached  only  through  a  kitchen  in  the  same  condition, 
the  shop  not  being  separated  from  Marsalek's  living  rooms, 
which  are  on  the  first  floor  of  a  rear  house,  behind  a  three 
story  tenement,  overcrowded  with  people.  In  this  front  house 
there  had  been  two  small-pox  patients  in  the  week  ending 
April  21,  and  on  the  21st  Marsalek  had  returned  to  Kuh, 
Nathan  &  Fischer  thirty-six  coats  made  for  them  in  his  shop 
during  the  week. 

April  25  —  Inspector  Stevens  notified  Kuh,  Nathan  & 
Fischer  to  give  no  more  work  to  Marsalek  until  he  complied 
with  §  1  of  the  law,  separating  his  shop  from  his  living  rooms. 
The  inspector  also  told  them  of  the  danger  of  contagion  to  which 
the  goods  returned  to  them  on  April  21  had  been  subjected. 


12 

Mr.  Kuh  gave  orders  that  no  more  work  should  be  given  to 
Marsalek. 

This  case  illustrates  the  impossibility  of  guarding  against  in- 
fection in  tenement  house  shops.  The  presence  of  small-pox  at 
756  Alport  street  was  not  made  known  until  the  day  of  this 
inspection,  while  the  time  for  an  effective  inspection  was  the 
previous  week.  On  April  21  both  the  small-pox  and  the 
thirty-six  coats  were  on  the  premises.  On  April  24,  when  it 
was  announced  that  small-pox  was  here,  both  the  patient  and 
the  coats  were  gone. 

May  18—1  nspectors  J  ones  and  Bisno  again  visited  756 
Alport  street.  There  are  new  cases  of  small-pox  in  the  rear 
part  of  the  front  house.  Marsalek  was  not  working,  and  they 
found  no  work  on  the  premises. 

April  27,  1894.— Thomas  «tankovich,  2111  Purple  Street,  Tailor 
for  Ullman  &  Co.,  284  State  Street.  Inspectors  Bisno  and 
Moran. 

The  inspectors  did  not  find  Stankovich  working.  They  found 
the  family  of  three  living  in  two  rooms,  and  that  the  tailor 
had  his  machine  and  did  his  work  in  a  bed-room.  He  told 
them  that  he  had  returned  work  to  Ullman  &  Co.,  on  the 
previous  day.  There  is  small-pox  in  the  house  with  Stankovich, 
in  the  rear  of  the  same  floor  on  which  he  lives  and  works. 
The  inspectors  notified  Ullman  &  Co.,  that  the  work  returned 
to  them  on  the  previous  day  by  Stankovich  was  probably  in- 
fected, and  should  be  disinfected.  The  city  board  of  health 
was  requested  to  disinfect  the  coat  at  Ullman's,  and  also 
Stankovich's  rooms. 

May  9 — Inspector  Stevens  was  informed  by  Ullman  &  Co., 
in  reply  to  an  inquiry,  that  the  coat  returned  to  them  by 
Stankovich  had  been  fumigated. 

April  28,  1894. — James  Honota,  2O  Zion  Place,  coat-maker  for 
Hirsch,  Elson  &  Co.,  16O-162  Market  street.  Inspectors 
Bisno  and  Moran. 

Found  working  six  persons  in  a  shop  on  the  first  floor  of  a 
rear  house.  There  were  small-pox  cases  in  the  front  house  on 
the  same  premises.  Inspectors  found  that  Honota  was  sorting 
bundles  of  goods  in  his  kitchen  and  in  other  ways  was 
not  properly  separating  his  shop  from  his  dwelling. 

Monday,  April  30,  Hirsch,  Elson  &  Co.,  were  notified  not  to 
give  more  work  to  Honota  until  the  danger  of  contagion  on 
his  premises  was  over,  and  until  his  shop  had  been  properly 
separated  from  his  living  rooms.  Owing  to  the  absence  of 
accessible  records  in  the  city  health  department,  we  have  never 
been  able  to  ascertain  whether  the  goods  in  Honota's  shop  on 
this  date  were  fumigated. 

On  May  9,  Hirsch,  Elson  &  Co.,  sent  a  representative  to  this 
office  to  state  that  the  premises  at  20  Zion  Place  had  been  de- 


13 

clared  by  the  district  physician  free  from  infection,  and  request- 
ing permission  to  send  further  work  there  to  Honota. 

On  May  10,  there  was  a  recurrence  of  small-pox  at  this  num- 
ber, and  Inspector  Jones  notified  Hirsch,  Elson  &  Co.,  of  the 
same. 

In  the  week  May  14—19  inclusive,  a  boy  from  Honota's  shop 
came  four  times  to  this  shop,  with  a  certificate  from  Dr.  Brand, 
the  district  physician,  stating  that  it  was  safe  to  work  in  this 
shop.  Hirsch,  Elson  &  Co.,  refused  to  give  the  work  unless  this 
certificate  was  endorsed  by  the  State  Factory  Inspector,  and 
this  endorsement  naturally  could  not  be  given  for  any  shop  in 
a  locality  so  infected  as  Zion  Place.  The  record  of  cases  by 
streets  shows  that  there  were,  on  May  19,  five  cases  in  Zion 
Place,  a  street  only  one  block  long. 

April  3O,  1894.— J.  Kolka,  625  W.  21st  street,  a  coat-maker  for 
Pfaelzer,  Button  &  Co.,  Franklin  and  Van  Buren  streets.  In- 
spectors Stevens  and  Bisno. 

This  shop  is  in  the  rear  of  Kolka's  living  rooms  on  the  first 
floor.  The  entrance  is  by  a  side  door  used  also  in  going  to  the 
living  rooms.  The  inspectors  found  Kolka  and  his  wife,  with 
two  men  visitors,  in  the  shop,  and  sixteen  coats  for  Pfaelzer, 
Button  &  Co.,  in  process  of  manufacture.  The  living  rooms  of 
the  Kolka  family  were  closed,  and  in  process  of  fumigation.  A 
ten-year  old  son  of  Kolka  died  of  small-pox  on  Saturday,  April 
29.  The  fumigator  from  the  board  of  health  had  left  the 
premises  before  the  State  inspectors  reached  it,  but  he  had  not 
fumigated  the  shop  nor  disinfected  these  coats,  telling  the 
Kolkas  that  it  was  not  necessary,  although  the  parents  of  the 
child  had  tended  their  patient  and  worked  on  the  coats  at  the 
same  time.  The  inspectors  asked  Kolka  when  he  returned  the 
last  work  to  the  firm  employing  him.  Kolka  does  not  talk 
easily  in  English,  and  Mrs.  Kolka,  who  attends  to  that  part  of 
the  business,  positively  asserts  that  it  was  several  weeks  since 
they  had  any  work  except  the  sixteen  coats  then  on  the  prem- 
ises, and  that  none  had  been  returned  since  the  boy  was  taken 
sick. 

Inspector  Stevens  reported  to  Pfaelzer,  Sutton  &  Co.  the  in- 
fectious condition  of  the  sixteen  coats  on  Kolka's  premises,  and 
received  their  promise  not  to  accept  the  goods  until  said  goods 
had  been  properly  disinfected.  The  inspector  repeated  to  them 
Mrs.  Kolka's  assurance  that  no  goods  had  been  returned  to 
them  since  April  13,  and  requested  them  to  ascertain  from  their 
books  if  this  was  correct.  The  books  showed  that  Mrs.  Kolka 
had  returned  to  them  sixty-one  coats  on  April  23,  Avhile  small- 
pox was  in  the  house.  They  were  enabled  to  identify  the  coats 
by  their  ticket  system,  and  as  these  coats  were  in  a  separate 
lot  they  requested  that  these  also .  might  be  disinfected  and 
agreed  to  keep  them  boxed  away  from  other  goods  until  this 
was  done. 


14 

Inspector  Stevens  went  from  Pfaelzer,  Sutton  &  Co.'s  store  to 
the  board  of  health,  and  finding  Commissioner  Reynolds  ab- 
sent, reported  this  case  in  detail  to  Secretary  McCarthy  of  the 
board,  receiving  his  assurance  that  both  lots  of  goods  should 
be  disinfected  the  next  morning. 

May  5 — Mr.  Meyer,  from  Pfaelzer,  Sutton  &  Co.,  after  waiting 
five  days  for  the  city  board  of  health,  reported  to  this  office 
that  no  one  from  the  board  of  health  had  yet  visited  their 
place,  that  the  sixty-one  coats  were  not  yet  disinfected,  that 
the  sixteen  coats  had  been  returned  from  Kolka's  without  the 
knowledge  of  the  firm,  and  that  they  feared  that  these  also 
were  not  disinfected.  At  her  request,  Mr.  Meyer  accompanied 
Inspector  Stevens  to  Commissioner  Reynold's  office  to  inquire 
why  the  disinfection  had  not  been  done  as  promised  by  Secre- 
tary McCarthy.  Neither  Commissioner  Reynolds  nor  his  secre- 
tary had  any  excuse  to  offer.  They  did  not  know  why  no 
fumigator  had  been  to  the  business  place  of  Pfaelzer,  Sutton  & 
Co.,  and  had  no  records  to  consult,  to  determine  whether  the 
shop  and  coats  at  625  W.  21st  street  had  been  fumigated.  The 
inspector  finally  succeeded  in  getting  a  reluctant  promise  from 
Secretary  McCarthy  that  the  two  lots  of  coats  at  Pfaelzer,  Sut- 
ton &  Co.'s  should  be  fumigated  this  (Saturday)  afternoon,  or 
Monday  morning.  In  the  presence  of  the  inspector  Secretary 
McCarthy  tried  to  dissuade  Mr.  Meyer  from  having  this  done, 
because  of  the  trouble  involved. 

May  7 — Inspector  Stevens  visited  Pfaelzer,  Sutton  &  Co.,  in 
the  afternoon,  and  found  that  the  city  fumigator  had  not  yet 
been  there;  then  visited  Secretary  McCarthy,  and  gave  him  un- 
til 9  o'clock  the  next  morning  to  fulfill  his  promise. 

May  8— At  10  o'clock  a  message  was  received  at  this  office 
from  Pfaelzer,  Sutton  &  Co.  that  the  fumigator  was  there. 

The  utter  inadequacy  of  the  measures  taken  to  prevent  the 
spread  of  infection  in  these  seventy-seven  coats  is  apparent. 
The  Kolka  boy  was  sick  a  week  before  a  doctor  was  called, 
when  the  child  was  dying.  Before  the  report  of  the  diagnosis 
reached  the  city  board  of  health  or  this  office  the  child  was 
dead  and  buried.  It  was  nine  days  after  this  before  the  city 
board  of  health  fumigated  the  coats,  and  fumigation,  under 
these  circumstances,  can  by  no  means  be  considered  a  guaran- 
tee of  disinfection.  These  goods  should  have  been  burned;  but 
the  commissioner  of  health  refused  to  comply  with  §  2  of  the 
Workshop  Act,  which  enjoins  the  board  of  health  to  condemn 
and  destroy  goods  under  such  circumstances. 

April  3O,  1894.— John  Zika,  269  W.  2Oth  street,  custom  tailor 
for  M.  Born  &  Co.,  256  Market  street;  I.  Krelia  and  J. 
Freund,  contractors  for  Kohii  Bros.,  Market  and  Monroe 
streets.  Inspectors  Stevens  and  Bisno. 

On  this  date  small-pox  cases  at  269  W,  20th  street  appeared 
upon  the  records  of  the  city  board  of  health.  The  records  of 


15 

this  office  showed  three  tailors  living  and  working  on  the  same 
premises,  namely:  John  Zika,  working  for  M.  Born  &  Co.,  and 
I.  Kreha  and  J.  Freund,  contractors  for  Kohn  Bros.  The  in- 
spectors found  two  frame  houses  on  the  lot,  with  small-pox 
signs  on  both.  In  the  rear  house  they  conversed  with  a  patient 
in  an  advanced  stage  of  the  disease  (there  being  no  attempt  at 
quarantine)  and  learned  from  his  wife  that  all  three  tailors  had 
moved  out,  two  of  them  after  the  small-pox  signs  were  on  the 
houses.  The  small-pox  patient  in  the  front  house  died  on  Sat- 
urday night,  two  days  previous  to  this  inspection,  and  all  the 
tenants  then  moved  away.  While  the  inspectors  were  investi- 
gating in  the  rear  house,  the  small-pox  sign  was  taken  from 
the  front  house,  and  the  "To  Rent"  sign  put  up. 

The  inspectors  continued  their  search  for  the  three  tailors, 
and  located  Zika  at  722  S.  Morgan  street,  where  they  found 
him  at  work  with  nine  employes.  He  told  the  inspectors  that 
he  had  moved  his  shop  and  his  family  from  269  W.  20th  street 
the  Saturday  night  before,  on  the  day  of  the  death  of  the  pa- 
tient in  the  front  house.  The  inspectors  found  work  on  hand, 
thirteen  fine  custom  coats  for  M.  Born  &  Co.,  and  took  the 
numbers  of  six  of  these  coats  which  had  been  brought  from 
Bora's  by  Zika  on  April  27  and  28,  and  consequently  had  been 
in  the  infected  house. 

Inspector  Stevens  reported  all  these  circumstances  in  detail  to 
Mr.  Kirschbarger,  of  the  firm  of  M.  Born  &  Co.,  warning  them 
not  to  receive  any  work  from  Zika  until  it  had  been  disinfect- 
ed, and  not  to  give  him  any  more  work  until  time  had  elapsed 
sufficient  to  determine  whether  or  not  Zika,  his  family,  or  his 
help,  had  contracted  small-pox  at  269  W.  20th  street. 

The  same  afternoon  (April  30)  Inspector  Stevens  reported  all 
these  facts  to  Commissioner  Reynolds,  and  urged  him  to  have 
steps  taken  immediately  to  prevent  the  spread  of  contagion  al- 
ready probable  in  consequence  of  the  failure  to  quarantine  269 
W.  20th  street,  asking  that,  since  he  refused  to  destroy  goods, 
he  would  at  least  be  very  careful  to  have  the  infected  garments 
which  had  been  removed  to  722  S.  Morgan  street  thoroughly 
fumigated. 

May  9 — Inspector  Stevens  called  on  Commissioner  Reynolds, 
but  neither  he  nor  Secretary  McCarthy  could  tell  whether  any- 
thing had  been  done  with  these  goods.  Commissioner  Reynolds 
referred  the  inspector  to  Dr.  Brand,  ph37sician  in  charge  of  the 
small-pox  epidemic  in  the  district  in  which  these  cases  were,  as 
the  proper  person  to  give  the  desired  information. 

May  10 — Inspectors  Stevens  and  Bisno  repeated  to  Dr.  Brand 
the  questions  asked  of  Commissioner  Reynolds  the  day  before. 
Dr.  Brand  could  not  give  them  any  information,  as  his  fumi- 
gators  report  to  him  verbally,  and  he  had  no  office  records. 

May  1 — Inspector  Stevens  notified  Kohn  Bros,  of  the  small- 
pox cases  at  269  W.  20th  street,  and  asked  their  assistance  in 
locating  Kreha  and  Freund,  the  two  tailors  in  their  employ  who 


16 

had  been  living  and  working  at  this  number.  Their  list  showed 
that  Kreha  had  returned  some  overcoats  to  them  the  day  be- 
fore, but  had  not  notified  them  that  he  had  moved,  nor  had  he 
told  them  of  the  infection  at  269  W.  20th  street. 

May  2 — A  letter  wras  received  from  Kohn  Bros,  stating  that  I. 
Kreha  had  removed  from  269  W.  20th  street  some  time  before, 
and  was  now  located  at  415  W.  17th  street.  Freund  had  not 
been  in  their  employ  for  some  months,  and  we  have  not  since 
been  able  to  locate  him. 

The  disappearance  of  Freund  is  an  illustration  of  the  weak- 
ness of  those  clauses  of  the  law  which  require  the  manufacturers 
to  keep  correct  lists  of  the  outside  shops  in  their  employ  and 
garment-workers  to  register  their  home  shops  with  the  board  of 
health.  His  name  was  not  filed  with  the  board  of  health  as 
moving  from  269  W.  20th  street.  He  may  have  carried  away 
from  the  infected  house  to  another  tenement  house  any  quan- 
tity of  goods  belonging  to  some  firm  other  than  Kohn  Bros. 

In  the  case  of  these  three  tailors,  as  in  the  Kolka  case,  the 
arrival  of  the  factory  inspectors  on  the  infected  premises,  while 
it  followed  immediately  upon  their  learning  that  infection  was 
there,  was  yet  too  late  to  prevent  the  sending  out  of  infectious 

foods  as  contemplated  by  the  Workshop  law.  Before  the  city 
oard  of  health  was  aware  that  small-pox  was  at  269  W.  20th 
street,  the  disease  had  made  a  week's  inroad  among  the  tenants 
crowded  in  the  two  houses,  and  in  that  time  garments  had  been 
manufactured  on  the  premises,  returned  to  the  merchant  tailors, 
and  thence,  without  doubt,  had  gone  to  the  customers  on  whose 
orders  the  garments  had  been  made.  After  the  district  physi- 
cian had  diagnosed  the  sickness  here  as  small-pox,  the  failure 
of  the  city  authorities  to  quarantine  the  place  made  it  possible 
for  the  tailors  to  scatter  and  for  Zika  to  move  his  infectious 
goods  to  another  tenement  house.  Nor  have  we  any  assurance 
that,  after  we  had,  as  a  result  of  our  inspection,  notified  both 
the  manufacturers  and  the  city  board  of  health  that  these  goods 
had  been  exposed  to  infection,  anything  was  done  to  the  goods 
to  remove  the  danger. 

This  feeble  result  from  our  utmost  efforts  under  the  provisions 
of  the  Workshop  act,  compelled  the  step  of  warning  the  pur- 
chasing public  through  the  dailj-  papers.  The  Kolka  and  Zika 
cases  with  other  substantiated  information  concerning  infected 
clothing  made  in  this  district,  were  made  public.  The  threat  of 
quarantine  of  Chicago  garments  by  the  boards  of  health  of 
the  surrounding  states,  and  the  meeting  in  this  city  of  the  state 
boards,  followed. 

April  3O,  1894— Joseph  Dvorak,  745  W.  18th  street,  pants- 
maker  lor  Strauss,  Yondorf  &  Rose,  Market  and  Quincy 
streets.  Inspector  Bisno. 

Dvorak  was  found  with  three  people  at  work  in  his  dwelling 
rooms,  which  are  in  the  rear  house.  There  is  small-pox  in  the 


17 

front  house  on  these  premises.  Strauss,  Yonclorf  &  Rose  were- 
notified  to  give  no  more  work  to  Dvorak  until  he  had  a  shop 
in  accordance  with  §  1  of  the  law,  and  were  also  warned  that 
their  goods  now  on  his  premises  weie  exposed  to  contagion. 
Owing  to  the  absence  of  accessible  records  of  the  city  board  of 
health  it  is  impossible  to  learn  whether  the  goods  in  this  shop 
were  disinfected. 

May  1,  1894—  Emma  Gardner,  3O5  W.  Polk  street,  pants-maker 
for  C.  P.  Kellogg  &  Co.,  167  Franklin  street.  Inspectors  Stev- 
ens and.  Bisno. 

Mrs.  Gardner's  shop  is  in  her  kitchen,  first  floor  rear,  where 
the  inspectors  found  her  working  with  her  husband  on  twenty- 
five  pairs  of  pants  for  C.  P.  Kellogg  &  Co.  There  had  been  a 
small-pox  patient  in  the  house  during  the  last  five  days,  who 
was  removed  to  the  pest-house  last  evening. 

C.  P.  Kellogg  &  Co.  were  notified  of  the  danger  to  which  their 
goods  had  been  exposed,  and  advised  that  the  same  be  removed, 
and  disinfected.  Disinfection  followed  by  Board  of  Health. 

May  2,  1894 — James  Prepeschal,  31  Zion  Place,  coat-moker  for- 
Ullmaii,  Guthman  &  Silverman,  Franklin  and  Monroe  streets^ 
Inspector  Bisno. 

Found  employing  ten  persons  in  building  on  rear  of  lot,  fac- 
ing alley,  small-pox  next  door,  at  No.  35  Zion  Place,  there  be- 
ing no  No.  33.  On  May  18  there  was  a  recurrence  of  the  dis- 
ease at  No.  35,  four  cases.  Owing  to  the  absence  of  accessible 
records  of  the  city  board  of  health  it  is  impossible  to  learn 
whether  the  goods  in  this  shop  were  disinfected. 

May  2,  1894— Joseph  Belinsky,  723  W.  18th  street,  cloak-maker 
for  Joseph  Beifeld  &  Co.,  253  Jackson  street.  Inspector 
Bisno. 

This  shop  is  on  the  first  floor,  with  an  entrance  on  the  side- 
street.  Belinsky  was  found  not  Avorking.  There  is  small-pox  in 
the  same  house,  upstairs. 

May  2,  1894— Charles  G.  Hirst  &  Brother,  144  Vedder  street^ 
pants-makers  lor  Hirsch,  Elson  &  Co.,  16O-162  Market 
street;  Calm,  Wampold  &  Co.,  2O4-21O  Monroe  street; 
Ullman,  Guthman  &  Silverman,  229  Monroe  street;  K.  Roths- 
child &  Bro.,  2O3-2O5  Monroe  street,  Work  Brothers,  corner 
Market  and  VanBuren  streets;  Einstein  &  Co.,  226  Franklin 
street.  Inspector  Bisno. 

The  inspector  found  twenty-seven  persons  working  in  this 
shop.  There  is  small-pox  next  door. 

May  2,  1894— Herman  Carlson,  or  Wahlstrom  &  Carlson,  144 
Vedder  street,  vest-makers  for  D'Ancona  and  Continental 
Tailoring  Co.  Inspector  Bisno. 

The  inspector  found  fourteen  persons  working   in  this 
There  is  small-pox  next  door. 
-2  S. 


18 

May  2,  1894— Dahlborn  &  Odell,  144  Vetlder    street,   vest-mak- 
ers for  M.  Born  &  Co.,  25O  Market  street.     Inspector  Bisiio. 

The  inspector  found  seventeen  persons  working  in    this    shop. 
There  is  small-pox  next  door. 

May  2,  1894 — Frank  A.  Lindholm,  144  Veclder  street,  vest-maker 
for  Nicoll  the  Tailor,  Clark  and  Adams  street,  and  for  the 
American  Tailors,  Clark  and  Monroe  streets.  Inspector  Bisno. 

The   inspector   found    twenty-three    persons    working   in    this 
shop.    There  is  small-pox  next  door. 

May  2,  1894 — F.  E.  Hallberg,  144  Vedder  street,  pants-maker 
tor  Kohn  Brothers,  Monroe  street  and  Market.  Inspector 
Bisno. 

The   inspector  found    sixteen    persons  working   in    this  shop. 
There  is  small-pox  next  door. 

The  preceding  five  cases  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  there 
;are  in  Chicago  a  few  buildings  occupied  exclusively  by  sweaters 
that  are  distinct  and  separate  from  any  tenement  houses.  The 
very  great  advantage  of  these  over  the  tenement  house  shops, 
to  the  sweater  and  his  employes  as  well  as  to  the  manufacturer 
and  the  purchasing  public,  is  shown  in  the  case  of  these  five 
shops.  The  building  in  which  they  are  located  is  used  for 
factory  purposes  only.  It  is  a  brick  building,  four  stories  and 
basement,  well-lighted,  in  good  sanitary  condition,  with  steam 
:  power  supplied  in  all  the  shops. 

When  the  inspector  visited  these  shops  on  May  2,  there  be- 
ing small-pox  next  door,  he  met  and  conferred  with  the  physi- 
cian in  charge  of  small-pox  in  that  district,  from  whom  he 
learned  that  all  the  employes  in  the  five  shops  had  been  suc- 
cessfully vaccinated  and  that  the  goods  in  process  of  manufac- 
ture might,  therefore,  be  regarded  as  non-infectious.  Had  the 
shops  been  in  a  tenement  house,  with  families  commingling  and 
-children  playing  together,  the  decision  must  have  been  very 
different. 

May  5,  1894 — Emanuel  Bubnek,    426    W.    17th    street,   custom 
coat-maker.    Inspector  Bisno. 

This  inspector  found  this  man,  with  one  assistant,  working 
"with  one  coat  in  process  of  manufacture  and  one  in  a  bundle  on 
which  work  had  not  been  begun.  There  had  been  small-pox  in 
the  house  for  some  days,  on  the  same  floor  with  the  tailor,  in 
-u  room  in  the  rear  of  his  shop  and  living  room.  A  boy  nineteen 
years  old  died  there  of  the  disease  the  previous  night  (May 
4),  The  yellow  card  was  on  the  house,  but  there  was  no 
'quarantine.  The  inspector  asked  Bubnek  for  whom  he  worked 
bnt  he  refused  to  answer.  After  much  urging,  he  said  that  he 
'worked  for  Born  on  Market  street.  Inspector  Bisno  warned  him 
not  to  remove  the  coats  until  they  had  been  disinfected,  and  re- 
ported the  case-  at  this  office. 


19 

Inspector  Stevens  notified  M.  Born  &  Co.,  and  was  informed 
by  Mr.  Kirchbarger  of  the  firm  that  no  such  man  was  in  their 
employ.  At  her  request  he  had  their  lists  of  outside  contract- 
ors carefully  examined,  and  still  found  that  they  had  no  tailor 
named  Bubnek,  nor  any  tailor  living  at  426  W.  17th  street. 

May  6— Inspector  Bisno  went  again  to  Bubnek's  house  and 
shop.  Bubnek  and  his  assistant  were  still  working  on  one  of 
the  coats,  and  the  other  had  disappeared.  The  workman  em- 
ployed by  Bubnek  insisted  that  the  coat  they  were  working  on 
belonged  to  him.  Both  tailors  then  took  refuge  in  the  Bohemian 
tongue,  claiming  that  they  could  not  understand  English,  and 
when  the  inspector  brought  in  an  interpreter  no  further  satisfac- 
tion was  obtained,  no  information  as  to  the  missing  coat  and 
nothing  as  to  the  employer  of  the  men.  The  coat  in  hand  was 
of  a  quality  and  style  which  indicated  that  it  was  not  to  be 
worn  by  any  workingman. 

This  case  illustrates  one  of  the  disastrously  weak  spots  of  the 
law  as  it  stands,  the  failure  to  provide  a  penalty  for  disregard 
of  orders  issued  by  the  inspectors  in  regard  to  infectious  shops 
under  §  2.  Very  rarely  has  fche  sweater  obeyed  the  order  to 
hold  goods  for  disinfection.  The  procedure  is  as  follows:  An 
inspector  finding  srnall-pox  in  the  sweater's  family  and  the  man 
at  work  upon  an  expensive  custom  made  coat  instructs  him  to 
hold  it  for  disinfection.  The  inspector  then  goes  to  the  nearest 
telephone  and  notifies  the  merchant  tailor  that  the  coat  must 
be  sterilized  and  if  not  sterilized  will  be  destroyed.  Before  the 
sterilizer's  wagon  can  reach  the  sweater's  dwelling  the  coat  is  on 
its  way  to  the  merchant  tailor's  store.  If  the  merchant  is  afraid 
of  small-pox  the  sweater  is  warned  off  the  premises.  If,  however, 
the  merchant  tailor  rises  superior  to  the  fear  of  epidemic  and 
the  unsuspecting  customer  is  in  a  hurry  for  his  coat,  or  if,  as 
is  often  the  case,  the  suit  is  destined  for  a  customer  in  some 
other  city,  it  is  promptly  delivered,  and  the  law  provides  no 
penalty  for  either  the  sweater  or  the  merchant. 

Section  2  of  the  work-shop  act  empowers  inspectors  to  issue 
such  orders  "as  the  public  health  may  require,"  but  provides 
no  penalty  for  the  failure  to  comply  with  the  orders.  The  law 
should  be  amended  by  the  insertion  in  the  penalty  clause  §  8  of 
the  following  words,  "or  any  order  issued  in  writing  by  the  in- 
spectors under  the  provisions  of  this  act,"  making  this  clause 
of  the  section  read: 

"Any  person,  firm  or  corporation  who  fails  to  comply  with 
any  provisions  of  this  act,  or  any  order  issued  in  writing  by  the 
inspectors  under  the  provisions  of  this  act,  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor  and  on  conviction  thereof  shall  be  fined  not 
less  than  three  dollars  nor  more  than  one  hundred  dollars  for 
each  offense." 


20 

May  7,  1894.— James  Doubek,  796  W.  17th  street,  pants  and 
coat-maker  for  C.  P.  Kellogg  &  Co.,  167  Franklin  street;  and 
for  C.  &  Li.  Nye,  231  Blue  Island  avenue.  Inspectors  Stevens 
and  1  Jisno. 

Doubek's  shop  is  on  the  first  floor,  rear,  of  a  frame  tenement 
house.  He  lives  on  the  premises,  upstairs,  and  has  two  children. 
The  family  living  on  the  first  floor  front  also  has  children,  and 
uses  the  same  hall  and  outbuildings  as  the  Doubek  family,  and, 
in  fact,  the  two  families  are  practically  one  so  far  as  associat- 
ing together  goes.  During  the  week  preceding  May  7  there  was 
small-pox  on  the  first  floor,  in  the  room  next  to  Doubek's  shop. 
A  boy  was  taken  from  this  room  to  the  pest-house  on  Satur- 
day, May  5.  All  through  this  week  of  infection  Doubek  was 
working.  He  told  the  inspectors  that  the  work  was  done  for 
Kellogg  and  for  Nye.  He  had  on  hand  at  the  time  of  this  in- 
spection eighteen  pairs  of  pants. 

Inspector  Stevens  ascertained  that  Doubek  had  no  work  for  C. 
P.  Kellogg  &  Co.,  and  warned  them  of  the  danger  of  recurrence 
of  disease,  so  that  no  work  should  be  sent  to  this  shop  until  it 
^as  known  whether  the  failure  to  quarantine  resulted  in  more 
cases. 

Inspector  Bisno  notified  the  Nye  firm  to  the  same  effect,  and 
as  the  pants  in  Doubek's  shop  belonged  to  this  firm,  they  were 
warned  not  to  receive  the  garments  until  the  same  had  been 
disinfected.  Disinfection  of  the  goods  was  then  ordered.  Owing 
to  the  absence  of  accessible  records  in  the  health  department  we 
have  not  been  able  to  learn  whether  this  was  done. 

Eight  days  later  there  were  cases  of  small-pox  at  797  W.  17th 
street,  and  again  cases  on  June  8,  when  the  disease  was  also 
in  other  houses  in  that  block.  At  this  time  Doubek's  shop  was 
visited  by  Inspectors  Kelley  and  Bisno,  and  he  was  not  found 
working. 

May  9,  1894— James  Chesek,  9O1  W.  19th  street,  coat-maker 
for  M.  Born  &  Co.,  256  Market  street.  Inspector  Bisno. 

This  is  a  frame  tenement  house,  one  of  the  tenants  being  the 
contrator  Chesek,  who  has  a  shop  in  the  rear,  ground  floor. 
He  was  found  working  on  coats  for  M.  Born  &  Co.,  with  twelve 
persons  employed.  There  is  small-pox  next  door,  at  897  W. 
19th  street  (there  is  no  899),  the  yellow  card  is  on  the  door, 
and  the  place  is  supposed  to  be  quarantined.  Inspector  Bisno 
saw  a  little  girl  coming  from  the  upper  floor  at  897  eating  a 
banana,  and  saw  her  enter  the  shop  of  Chesek.  He  questioned 
the  child,  who  said  that  she  was  Chesek's  cousin,  and  was  liv- 
ing with  him  now,  that  the  sick  people  were  her  brothers  and 
sisters,  and  that  she  had  been  up  to  see  them  and  carry  them 
some  bananas.  The  inspector  then  reported  these  details  at  this 
office,  the  relations  of  the  infected  family  to  the  shop  were 
further  investigated  and  the  child's  statement  substantiated. 


21 

May  9— M.  Born  &  Co.  were  notified  that  their  goods  at  901 
W.  19th  street  were  believed  to  be  in  an  infectious  condition. 
An  order  on  Commissioner  Reynolds  to  condemn  and  destroy 
the  goods  in  accordance  with  §  2  of  the  Workshop  Law  was 
sent  to  the  office  of  the  board  of  health  by  a  district  messen- 

fer  boy,  and  was  receipted  for  by  Secretary  McCarthy  of   the 
oard. 

May  10 — At  1  P.  M.  Inspector  Bisno  visited  Chesek's  shop, 
found  the  goods  still  there,  and  the  full  force  of  employes 
at  work. 

May  11— Inspectors  Kelley  and  Stevens  called  on  Commis- 
sioner Reynolds  at  his  office,  at  11  A.  M.,  to  ascertain  why  no 
action  had  been  taken  by  the  board  of  health  on  this  case. 
Commissioner  Reynolds  said  that  he  had  lost  the  order  which  he 
had  received  to  destroy  these  goods.  Inspector  Kelley  immedi- 
ately served  another  order  upon  the  Commissioner  to  destroy 
the  goods,  and  informed  him  that  Inspector  Bisno  was  now  on 
guard  at  this  shop,  and  requested  that  an  agent  of  the  board 
of  health  be  sent  to  destroy  the  goods.  While  this  conversa- 
tion was  going  on  in  the  office  of  the  board  of  health,  Inspec- 
tor Bisno  had  gone  to  the  shop  of  Chesek,  and  found  that  the 
goods  had  already  been  taken  away.  He  was  informed  that 
they  had  been  returned  to  Born  &  Co. 

In  this  case,  as  in  the  Bubnek  case,  the  failure  to  hold  the 
goods  as  the  inspector  ordered,  shows  the  weakness  of  §  8  of 
the  Workshop  Act.  For  want  of  a  penalty  for  this  offense,  it 
was  found  impossible  to  make  a  warning  example  by  prosecu- 
tion of  either  Chesek  or  M.  Born  &  Co. 

May  9,  1894,-Frank  Jirsa,  444  W.  19th  street,  coat-maker  for 
Simon,  Leopold  &  Solomon,  165-167  Market  street.  Inspec- 
tor Bisno. 

Jirsa  was  found  working  in  the  basement  of  this  tenement 
house,  making  coats.  There  is  small-pox  next  door,  at  446  W. 
19th  street. 

May  19 — Inspectors  Kelley  and  Stevens  visited  this  shop, 
which  is  a  low,  dark  room,  with  a  window  opening  upon  the 
yard  and  an  entrance  through  a  dirty  kitchen,  Jirsa,  with  his 
family  of  four  persons,  having  only  one  other  room,  a  small 
bed-room.  Jirsa  employs  no  outside  help,  his  little  girl,  four- 
teen years  old,  working  with  him.  There  was  still  small-pox  at 
446  W.  19th  street.  Simon,  Leopold  &  Solomon  were  notified 
of  the  unsanitary  condition  of  Jirsa's  shop,  and  of  the  disease 
next  door. 

This  case  illustrates  the  inadequacy  of  §  1  of  the  law,  which 
permits  the  manufacture  of  garments  in  kitchens  or  bed-rooms, 
provided  no  persons  outside  the  members  of  the  family  are  there 
employed.  The  danger  of  the  spread  of  contagion  in  Jirsa's 
work  in  his  living  room  is  precisely  the  same  as  though  he  had 
a,  shop  separate  from  his  living  rooms  on  the  premises. 


22 

May  9,  1894.— Joseph  Mydlil,  444  W.  19th  street,  coat-maker 
for  Hart,  Schaffner  &  Marx,  Jackson  and.  Market  streets. 
Inspector  Bisno. 

This  shop  is  in  a  house  on  the  rear  of  the  lot,  with  windows 
on  the  yard  and  alley;  the  contractor  lives  over  the  shop.  He 
was  found  working,  with  twelve  persons  employed.  There  is 
small-pox  next  door,  at  446  W.  19th  street. 

May  16— Inspectors  Kelley  and  Stevens  visited  this  shop,  and 
found  eleven  persons  working;  four  of  these  live  in  the  tenement 
house,  444  W.  19th  street,  and  one  at  446  W.  19th  street, 
where  there  have  been  cases  of  small-pox  during  eight  days;  the 
eleven  employes  all  live  in  the  infected  district,  with  small-pox 
all  about  them.  Hart,  Schaffner  &  Marx  were  notified  of  the 
danger  of  contagion  in  this  shop,  and  that  it  might  be  neces- 
sary, at  any  time,  to  order  the  infected  goods  there  condemned 
and  destroyed,  in  accordance  with  §  2  of  the  Workshop  law. 
Mr.  Hart  promised  that  all  goods  then  in  the  shop  should  be 
immediately  sterilized,  and  that  no  more  goods  should  be  sent 
to  it  while  the  danger  of  infection  lasted. 

In  the  Mydlil  and  Jirsa  cases  is  shown  the  danger  of  spread 
of  the  contagion  wherever  garment  manufacture  is  carried  on  in 
tenement  houses.  With  continuous  cases  of  small-pox  next  door, 
with  employes  living  on  infected  premises,  it  was  yet  impossible 
for  the  inspectors  to  prove  that  goods  in  these  two  shops  w7ere 
actually  infected.  There  only  remained  a  warning  to  the  manu- 
facturers, with  a  statement  of  the  facts  showing  the  probability 
of  infection.  If  the  manufacturers  continued  to  send  goods  to 
the  shops,  the  inspectors  could  do  nothing  except  continue  to 
watch  them.  The  result  in  this  case  is  shown  in  a  subsequent 
record,  June  6,  Anton  Benesek. 

May  1O,  1894— J.  Frick,  929  Hinman  street,  contractor  for  Li. 
JLoewenstein  &  Co.,  122  Franklin  street.  Inspectors  Bisno 
and  Stevens. 

This  is  a  basement  shop,  and  was  found  without  any  work  in 
it.  Across  a  narrow  hall,  in  the  same  basement,  there  had  been 
a  small-pox  patient  removed  to  the  pest-house  on  the  day  of 
this  inspection.  Loewenstein  &  Co.  were  notified  of  the  danger 
of  infection  of  this  shop,  and  requested  not  to  send  work  there 
at  present. 

May  24 — Inspectors  Kelley  and  Stevens  found  Frick's  shop 
occupied  by  two  girls  who  had  formerly  been  employed  by  him 
there,  and  who  are  living  and  working  in  the  shop  now,  eating 
and  sleeping  there,  and  making  denim  jackets  for  a  firm  at  46 
Canalport  avenue.  The  inspectors  found  that  the  girls  had  been 
vaccinated,  and  as  there  had  been  no  recurrence  of  small-pox 
in  this  tenement  house,  they  were  permitted  to  remain. 


23 

May  2,  1894— Peter  Zitnek,  699  Alport  street,  coat-maker  for  E^ 
Rothschild  &  Bro.,  2O5  Monroe  street.    Inspector  Bisno. 

Zitnek  was  found  working  with  four  employes,  on  the  first 
floor  rear  of  a  tenement  house,  his  family  living  on  the  same 
floor.  He  had  ou  hand  fortv-three  coats  in  process  of  manu- 
facture, belonging  to  Rothschild  &  Bros.  The  inspector  notified 
the  firm  that  the»e  coats  were  in  an  infectious  condition,  as  there 
is  small-pox  in  the  same  house,  on  the  same  floor,  and  the  chil- 
dren of  the  family  in  which  the  sickness  is  were  found  at  play 
with  the  children  of  Zitnek.  The  case  was  also  reported  to  the 
physician  in  charge  of  this  district,  with  a  request  that  these 
coats  be  promptly  fumigated  and  removed  from  the  infected 
premises. 

May  10 — Inspector  Bisno  found  the  same  forty-three  coats  still* 
in  Zitnek's  shop.  Inspector  Stevens  then  went  to  the  headquar- 
ters of  Dr.  Brand,  the  responsible  physician  of  the  board  of 
health  for  this  district,  and  endeavored  to  learn  if  these  goods 
had  been  fumigated  or  in  any  way  disinfected.  Neither  Dr.  Bran;! 
nor  his  assistant,  Dr.  Hunt,  could  give  any  information.  They 
said  that  they  had  no  records  which  could  be  consulted  to  show 
whether  the  goods  had  been  fumigated.  The  house  at  699  Al- 
port street  was  still  nominally  in  quarantine,  the  yellow  card  on 
the  door,  and  the  probability  of  infection  in  these  goods  had 
become  a  certainty,  as  the  families  had  not  been  at  all  separ- 
ated since  May  2,  any  more  than  before  tbat  date.  The  rec- 
ord of  cases  by  streets  shows  the  following:  small-pox  in  Von- 
chura  family,  May  1,  4  cases;  Henic  family,  May  3 ;  Hossman? 
family,  May  11;  all  tenants  at  699  Alport  street,  the  house- 
in  which  Zitnek  lived  and  worked  and  in  which  were  the  forty- 
three  coats  ordered  fumigated  and  taken  away  on  May  2. 

May  11— An  order  was  issued  for  Commissioner  Reynolds  to> 
destroy  these  goods  in  accordance  with  §  2  of  the  law.  An  in- 
spector was  sent  out  by  him  from  the  department  of  health,  to 
these  premises,  who  reported  to  him — on  an  entirely  different 
premises — that  he  could  find  neither  small-pox  nor  goods. 

May  12 — Inspector  Bisno  again  visited  the  shop  of  Zitner,  at 
699  Alport  street,  and  found  the  goods  still  there,  and  that 
nothing  had  been  done  to  them.  Upon  receiving  this  report^ 
Inspector  Kelley  again  served  written  notice  on  Commissioner 
Reynolds  to  destroy  these  goods  in  accordance  with  §  2  of  the 
Workshop  law,  and  notified  him  that  if  these  goods  were  not 
destroyed  by  2  p.  m.  of  the  same  day  a  petitition  in  mandamus 
proceedings  would  be  filed  before  the  court  closed.  Before  2  p. 
m.  of  this  day  the  forty- three  coats  were  burned  in  the  presence 
of  Inspector  Bisno  by  agents  of  the  department  of  health. 

May  11,  1894 — A.  Vaneschek,  663  Alport  street,  coat-maker  for 
Hirsch,  Elson  &  Co.,  16O-162  Market  street.    Inspector  Bisno. 

In  this  shop  there  were  found  eighty-three  coats,  with  two  men 
working.  It  is  a  home  shop,  not  properly  separated  from  living 


24 

rooms,  and  the  children  of  the  tailor  were  in  the  shop.  They 
were  also  playing  with  other  children  who  belonged  to  families 
where  there  is  small-pox,  the  disease  being  at  665  and  at  667 
Alport  street,  as  well  as  in  other  houses  in  the  vicinity. 

A  communication  was  sent  to  Vanescheck's  employers  of  which 
the  following  is  a  copy: 

May  12,  1894. 
.Messrs.  Mirsch,  Elson  &  Co.,  160-162  Market  Street,  Chicago: 

GENTLEMEN: — An  inspector  from  this  office  has  found  garments  belong- 
ing to  your  firm  at  663  Alport  street,  with  small-pox  next  door,  and  the 
children  of  the  infected  house  playing  with  the  children  of  the  tailor  in 
whose  shop  your  goods  now  are.  As  this  may  technically  not  be  sufficient 
evidence  of  infection  present  in  this  shop  to  warrant  us  in  ordering  the 
goods  destroyed  without  your  consent,  you  are  hereby  notified  that  there 
is  small-pox  at  665  and  667  Alport  street,  and  that  there  is  no  isolation 
possible  for  your  goods  in  such  closely  packed  tenement  house  shops  and 
dwellings.  We  therefore  asked  your  written  consent  to  the  destruction 
^of  all  goods  found  on  these  premises  to-day. 

Yours  very  truly, 

FLORENCE  KELLEY. 

At  the  request  of  Mr.  Hirsch  the  goods  in  Vaneschek's  shop 
were  held  until  the  steam  sterilizer  had  been  provided  by  the 
city,  after  which  the  goods  were  sterilized  before  they  were  re- 
ceived by  Hirsch,  Elson  &  Co. 

May   11,    1894. — James  Dvorak,    663   Alport    street.      Inspector 

B  siio. 

Dvorak's  shop  is  in  the  basement  of  this  tenement  house,  where 
tie  was  found  working  alone,  with  several  pairs  of  pants  in  pro- 
cess of  manufacture.  His  name  does  not  appear  on  any  of  the 
lists  of  outside  contractors  furnished  by  the  manufacturers  to 
this  office,  and  he  refused  to  tell  the  inspector  for  whom  he  was 
working.  He  was  instructed  not  to  deliver  the  goods  but  to 
hold  them  for  disinfection.  He  moved  out  taking  his  goods 
with  him,  before  any  further  action  could  be  taken,  and  has 
not  since  been  located. 

May  12,  1894.— David  Schwartz,  7O4  W.  18th  street,  cloak- 
maker  for  F.  Siegel  &  Bro.,  222-228  Market  street.  Inspec- 
tors Kelley  and  Bisno. 

This  shop  is  in  the  basement  of  the  rear  house  on  the  lot 
with  windows  opening  on  the  alley.  On  this  date  seven  persons 
were  employed  in  the  shop.  The  inspectors  found  the  yellow 
card  posted  on  a  door  inside  the  front  house.  They  immediately 
made  an  inventory  of  the  goods  in  the  shop,  finding  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty-five  cloaks  for  children  in  process  of  manufac- 
ture and  in  bundles,  and  two  of  the  persons  in  the  shop  unvac- 
cinated.  The  shop  was  then  ordered  closed.  The  inspectors, 
learning  that  there  were  ten  families,  sixty-five  persons,  living 
on  this  lot,  proceeded  to  examine  the  arms  of  the  persons  then 
on  the  premises,  forty  in  all.  Of  these  forty  persons  they  found 
eighteen  vaccinuated.  In  one  family  they  found  four  children  in 


25 

different  stages  of  the  disease.  One  flat  was  locked  and  darkened 
and  access  to  it  could  not  be  gained.  Subsequently  it  was  as- 
certained that  there  was  small-pox  there  also.  As  an  illustra- 
tion of  the  total  absence  of  quarantine,  it  may  be  mentioned 
that  while  this  inspection  of  arms  was  going  on,  a  milkman 
came  through  the  houses  serving  milk  to  the  ten  families,  and 
two  children  came  home  from  their  day's  work  in  a  candy  fac- 
tory, to  which  they  had  gone  from  rooms  adjoining  those 
occupied  by  the  four  sick  children. 

Inspector  Kelley  telephoned  Commissioner  Reynolds  of  the 
four  cases  of  small-pox  at  this  number  in  addition  to  the  case 
indicated  by  the  yellow  card,  and  asked  that  an  immediate 
official  diagnosis  be  made  of  the  cases,  and  the  tenents  all 
vaccinated. 

Monday,  May  14,  Inspectors  Kelley  and  Bisno  again  visited 
the  premises,  704  W.  18th  street,  and  found  everything  exactly 
as  before,  except  that  the  yellow  card  had  been  removed  to  the 
outside  door.  The  following  notification  was  then  sent: 

May  14,  1894. 
Messrs.  F.  Siegel  &  Bros.,  222-228  Market  Street. 

GENTLEMEN: — There  are  at  704  W.  18th  street  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  cloaks  belonging  to  your  firm.  As  there  has  been  small-pox  at  this 
number  for  several  days  past,  we  have  notified  the  tailor  in  whose  pos- 
session the  cloaks  are,  David  Schwartz,  not  to  remove  them  until  so 
ordered  by  us.  He  was  also  notified  to  discontinue  work  on  these  prem- 
ises. If  the  city  should  provide  a  sterilizer  within  forty-eight  hours,  as  I 
am  informed  that  it  is  perfectly  possible  to  do,  and  if  these  goods  are 
kept  quarantined  in  a  manner  satisfactory  to  us,  it  may  be  possible  to 
sterilize  them  and  render  them  fit  for  removal.  The  shop  must,  of 
course,  be  kept  sealed.  Assuming  that  you  will  hold  your  tailor  strictly 
to  these  conditions,  I  beg  to  remain,  yours  respectfully, 

FLORENCE  KELLEY. 

May  17 — The  terms  proposed  in  this  letter  having  been  ob- 
served, and  the  sterilizer  being  now  ready,  the  one  hundred 
and  twenty-five  cloaks  were  removed  in  the  presence  of  Inspec- 
tor Hickey.  They  were  taken  from  the  windows  of  the  shop 
directly  into  the  all^y,  the  inspector  not  permitting  them  to  be 
carried  to  the  front  by  the  narrow  entrance,  as  there 
were  now  six  cases  of  small-pox  on  the  premises  and  five  other 
patients  had  been  removed  to  the  pest  house  on  the  previous 
day. 

Could  there  be  a  more  appalling  example  of  the  possibilities 
of  tenement  house  manufacture  than  this  case  shows,  with 
sixty-five  people  living  on  the  premises,  of  whom  but  eighteen 
were  vaccinated,  eleven  cases  of  small-pox  among  them  in  a 
single  week,  and  men  and  women  coming  from  tenement  houses 
in  all  directions  to  manufacture  woolen  garments  for  children 
while  the  first  five  small-pox  cases  were  running  their  course? 


26 

May  12,  1894.— F.  Parlac,  9O9  W.  17th  street,  coat-maker  for 
Calm,  Wampold  &  Co.,  2O4-21O  Monroe  street.  Inspectors 
Kelley  and  Bisuo. 

Parlac  lives  and  works  in  rear  rooms  on  the  ground  floor  of 
a  frame  tenement  house.  In  the  ground  floor  lives  one  Dolezal, 
whose  child  died  there  of  small-pox  on  Thursday,  May  10,  and 
was  not  buried  until  Saturday,  May  12,  the  day  of  this  inspec- 
tion, after  an  illness  lasting  from  Sunday,  May  6.  The  inspec- 
tors found  the  yellow  card  on  Dolezal's  door,  and  in  Parlac's 
shop,  three  fathers,  three  mothers,  and  six  children  living  on 
these  premises;  three  adult  visitors,  and  three  children  from 
neighboring  houses.  An  examination  of  the  arms  of  all  these 
people  showed  but  three  vaccinated.  The  tailor,  Parlac,  asked 
Inspector  Kelley  where  he  could  be  vaccinated,  alleging  that 
Dr.  Brand  had  given  him  permission  to  bring  goods  to  his  shop 
as  soon  as  he  was  vaccinated. 

Parlac's  employers  were  notified  of  the  danger  of  infection  in 
his  shop  as  follows: 

May  15,  1894. 
.Messrs.  Cahn,   Wampold  &  Co.,  204-210  Monroe  St.: 

GENTLEMEN: — You  have  a  contractor  named  Parlac,  having  his  shop 
in  his  living  rooms,  at  909  W.  17th  street.  Toere  was  a  child  sick  with 
small-pox  in  the  same  house  last  week,  which  died  on  Thursday  last,  and 
the  sickness  was  not  recognized  as  small-pox  until  the  child  was  dead. 
The  house  was  not  quarantined,  and  it  was  not  fumigated  until  Monday 
of  this  week.  Consequently  the  disease  has  spread  through  all  the  neigh- 
borhood, and  one  case  is  to-day  at  the  next  door.  907  W.  17th  street. 

None  of  your  goods  are  on  Parlac's  premises  to-day  at  4  P.  M.  and  we 
send  you  this  warning  in  order  that  you  may  refrain  from  giving  him  any 
work  until  the  danger  of  contagion  has  passed. 

Yours  truly, 

FLORENCE  KELLEY. 

May  16 — Inspector  Kelley  again  visited  909  W.  17th  street, 
and  found  Parlac  at  work  in  his  shop  on  goods  for  this  firm. 
At  this  time  the  yellow  card  was  still  on  the  adjoining  house, 
907  W.  17th  street. 

May  14,  1894— Wm.  Farber,  858  W.  2Oth  street,  pants-maker 
for  JL.  C.  Wachsmuth  &  Co.,  122  Market  street.  Inspector 
Kelley. 

While  at  the  tailor  shop  of  F.  Parlac  909  W.  17th  street,  on 
this  date,  Inspector  Kelley  observed  the  yellow  card  next  door, 
at  907,  and  on  examination  found  that  the  patient,  Herman 
Kramp,  had  been  taken  sick  on  Thursday.  May  10,  the  day 
of  the  death  from  small-pox  on  Parlac's  premises,  but  had  not 
been  recognized  as  a  small-pox  case  until  Friday.  On  this 
Thursday  and  Friday,  May  10  and  11,  his  sister  Bertha 
Kramp  worked  in  the  coat  "shop  of  Wm.  Farber.  She  worked 
in  the  shop  on  Saturday  also,  and  the  only  reason  that  she 
refrained  from  her  usual  avocation  on  this  Monday  of  the  in- 
spection was  that  the  day  was  a  church  holiday. 


27 

Farber's  shop  is  in  the  basement  of  a  tenement  house  with 
sixteen  persons  employed.  Farber  was  notified  to  hold  his 
goods  for  disinfection,  and  not  to  employ  the  girl.  Bertha  Krarap, 
again  until  further  notice. 

May  15— The  firm  of  L.  C.  Wachsmuth  &  Co.  was  notified 
not  to  receive  the  goods  from  Farber's  shop  until  they  had  been 
sterilized.  Farber  was  given  time  to  complete  his  work,  and  the 
sterilization  was  ordered  on  May  19. 

In  connection  with  the  Farber  case,  we  call  attention  to 
another  danger  from  tenement  house  manufacture.  In  very 
many  instances  in  this  infected  district  during  the  last  three 
months  we  have  found  on  file  in  the  shop  a  certificate  issued  by 
a  district  physician,  stating  that  the  shop  was  in  a  good  san- 
itary condition  and  giving  permission  for  manufacture  to  be 
carried  on  therein.  Such  a  certificate  was  shown  by  Wm.  Farber, 
We  should  fail  in  our  duty  to  the  State  and  the  purchasing 
public  if  we  did  not  record  our  opinion,  based  upon  our  expe- 
rience in  this  epidemic,  that  no  certificate  of  this  nature  can  be 
safely  given  by  any  physician  who  does  not  visit  the  homes  of 
all  the  employes  of  the  shop,  and  keep  such  homes  under  his 
daily  inspection  as  long  as  the  certificate  is  in  force.  That  con- 
cealed cases  were  every  where  in  the  infected  district  during  these 
months  is  known  to  all  who  watched  the  course  of  the  epidemic, 
and  the  fact  that,  even  where  cases  were  known,  quarantine  was 
not  maintained  is  equally  a  matter  of  general  knowledge.  That 
physicians  made  a  practice,  under  such  circumstances,  of  certi- 
fying that  shops  were  free  from  contagion  when  they  did  not 
know  where  the  workers  of  the  shop  lived,  or  the  condition  of 
their  homes,  is  one  more  argument  against  all  tenement  house 
manufacture. 

May  13,  1894 — John  Cerenak,  645  Tliroop  street,  coat-maker 
for  A.  A.  Devore  &  Sons,  Michigan  Avenue,  corner  Adams 
street.  Inspector  Bisiio. 

The  inspector  found  in  Cerenak's  shop,  which  is  one  of  his 
living  rooms,  in  this  tenement  house,  a  coat  for  the  Devore 
firm  in  process  of  manufacture  on  Sunday,  May  13.  A  boy  lay 
dead  of  small-pox  on  the  same  premises,  after  several  days  ill- 
ness. The  man  declined  to  name  any  other  owner  for  the  coat 
than  himself,  and  was  notified  by  the  inspector  not  to  remove 
it  until  it  had  been  fumigated. 

May  14— The  firm  of  A  A.  Devore  &  Co.  were  notified  from 
this  office  of  the  facts  in  the  Cerenak  case,  and  replied  by  letter 
that  the  coat  belonged  to  them,  and  that  they  would  rather  it 
should  be  destroyed  than  returned  to  them. 

May  15— An  order  was  served  on  Commissioner  Reynolds  to 
condemn  and  destroy  this  coat  in  accordance  with  §  2  of  the 
Workshop  law.  Dr.  Henry  Reynolds  accompanied  Inspector 
Bisno  to  the  premises,  and  demanded  the  coat  from  Cerenak, 
showing  him  the  letter  from  Cerenak's  employers,  A.  A.  Devore 


28 

&  Co.,  asking  for  its  destruction.  Cerenak  refused  to  give  up 
the  coat  unless  paid  $16  for  it,  and  for  making  another  one 
which  had  been  returned  to  the  firm  previously.  Dr.  Henry  Rey- 
nolds then  went  away,  saying  to  Inspector  Bisno  that  he  would 
return  for  the  coat  the  next  day,  bringing  police  to  take  it,  if 
necessary.  Some  days  later  he  informed  Inspector  Bisno  that 
he  did  not  go  back  for  this  coat,  and  did  not  know  what,  if 
anything,  had  been  done  with  it.  It  was  then  too  late  for  in- 
spectors from  this  office  to  trace  the  coat,  which  had  disap- 
peared. 

May  14,  1894 — John  Feuhoff,  2949  Emerald,  avenue,  coat-maker 
for  Kan  Mm;  in  &  Bro.,  18O  Aclams  street.  Inspector  Bisno. 

This  shop  is  in  the  basement  of  a  rear  frame  tenement  house, 
both  houses  being  full  of  people.  There  are  six  persons  em- 
ployed, of  whom  four  live  on  the  premises.  There  is  small-pox 
at  2951,  and  no  quarantine  is  maintained.  The  yellow  card  has 
been  kept,  throughout  the  illness,  posted  on  a  rear  door  where 
it  could  be  seen  only  from  the  rear  of  the  lot. 

Kauffman  &  Bro.  were  notified  of  the  danger  of  infection  to 
their  goods  in  Feuhoff's  shop,  and  advised  to  send  no  more 
work  there  until  the  danger  is  over. 

May  14,  1894— F.  J.  Dolezal,  856  S.  Wood  street,  coat-maker 
for  Loewenstein  &  Co.,  122  Franklin  street.  Inspectors  Jones 
and  Bisno. 

This  shop  is  on  the  first  floor  rear,  and  there  is  small-pox  on 
the  second  floor  front.  Dolezal  was  found  without  work  in  his 
shop.  One  patient  died  of  the  disease  last  night,  and  another 
is  sick  in  the  house,  and  there  is  no  quarantine.  Loewenstein 
&  Co.  were  notified  of  the  infectious  condition  of  these  premises, 
and  advised  to  send  no  more  work  to  this  shop  until  danger  of 
contagion  is  passed. 

May  15,  1894— John  Bozovsky.  7O5  W.  16th  street,  coat-maker 
for  Kuppenheimer  &  Co.,  Monroe  and  Franklin  streets.  In- 
spector Bisno. 

This  shop  is  in  a  frame  dwelling  house,  and  is  not  separated 
from  Hozovsky's  living  rooms;  there  are  nine  persons  employed 
and  the  inspector  found  that  they  had  not  been  vaccinated. 
They  all  live  in  the  infected  district,  and  there  is  small-pox  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  shop.  Kuppenheimer  &  Co.  were  notified  of 
these  facts,  and  warned  of  the  danger  of  giving  work  out  for 
this  shop  under  these  conditions.  The  employes  were  immedi- 
ately vaccinated  by  order  of  the  firm. 


29 

May  14,  1894. — John  Smethoma,  1189  Albany  avenue,  con- 
tractor for  A.  L,.  Singer  &  Co.,  168-1 7O  Market  street.  In- 
spector Kelley. 

Dr.  Brand  telephoned  that  he  had  found  bundles  of  goods  for 
manufacture  on  the  premises  of  John  Smethoma,  1189  Albany 
avenue,  which  he  believed  to  be  infectious,  for  the  following 
reasons:  An  undertaker,  now  living  at  1117  Albany  avenue, 
had  occupied  the  premises  at  1189  Albany  avenue.  One  of  his 
children  had  the  small-pox  there,  and  recovered  without  the 
fact  becoming  known  to  the  board  of  health;  then  another  son 
was  taken  ill,  and  the  family  removed  to  1117  Albany  avenue, 
where  the  second  child  died  of  small-pox.  After  the  undertaker 
moved  out  of  1189,  John  Smethoma  moved  in,  occupying  the 
same  flat,  which  had  not  been  fumigated,  and  using  for  a  shop 
a  room  to  which  the  undertaker's  family  had  free  access 
throughout  their  illness. 

Dr.  Brand  had  notified  Smethoma  to  hold  the  goods  until 
further  notice. 

May  15  Inspectors  Kelley  and  Bisno  went  to  1189  Albany 
avenue  and  found  the  shop  empty  and  locked,  and  Smethoma 
sitting  in  the  street  in  front.  He  denied  that  he  had  had  any 
work  within  four  months,,  and  said  that  before  Christmas  he 
worked  for  A.  L.  Singer  &  Co.  At  this  office  his  name  was 
found  upon  the  list  of  Singer's  employes.  The  firm  was  then 
notified  as  follows: 

Messrs.  A.  L.  Sinqer  &  Co.,  168-170  Market  Street,  Chicago. 

GENTLEMEN: — There  is  small-pox  at  1189  Albany  avenue,  where  one 
Smethoma  is  working  for  your  house.  There  has  been  infection  on  these 

g'emises  since  April  1.  at  least;  one  death  and  a  series  of  small-pox  cases, 
ay  before  yesterday,  goods  in  process  of  manufacture  were  found  in  the 
shop,  and  the  man  was  ordered  not  to  remove  them  until  they  had  been 
disinfected.  This  morning  we  find  that  the  goods  are  gone.  They  must 
have  been  returned  to  you,  or  left  in  some  other  place — perhaps  secreted 
in  another  equally  infected  place. 

Kindly  let  us  know  by  bearer  if  these  goods  have  been  returned  to  you, 
and  if  you  have  any  other  goods  made  up  by  this  man,  in  your  stock. 
To  prevent  the  spread  of  infection   the  goods   the  man  has  disposed  of 
must  be  found  and  taken  care  of  in  the  proper  manner. 
Yours  very  truly, 

FLORENCE  KELLEY. 

The  following  reply  to  this  letter  was  brought  back  by  In- 
spector Hickey: 

A.  P.  Stevens,  Assistant  Factory  Inspector: 

We  have  not  received  any  work  from  Smethoma,  1189  Albany  street, 
since  April  26.  We  will  find  out  if  expressman  delivered  any  work  this 
week.  Respectfully  yours, 

A.  L.  SINGER  &  Co. 

Later  the  following  was  received  from  this  firm,  on  the  same 
date  (May  15): 


30 

A.  P.  Stevens,  Assistant  Factory  Inspector: 

Since  your  man  called  here  this  afternoon,  we  have  found  that  the  ex- 
press man  delivered  to  Smethoma,  1189  Albany  avenue,  twenty-three  men's 
coats  and  twenty-seven  children's  coats,  on  the  llth  inst. 
Respectfully  yours, 

A.  L.  SINGER  &  Co. 

May  16 — Mr.  A.  L.  Singer  brought  Smethoma  to  this  office 
to  state  where  the  Singer  goods  were  secreted.  At  this  time 
Smethoma's  own  child  lay  dead  of  small-pox  at  1189  Albany^ 
avenue,  the  death  occurring  this  morning.  Inspector  Hickey 
went  with  Smethoma  to  see  where  the  goods  were  hidden,  and 
reported  that  they  were  in  barrels,  packed  in  the  loft  of  a  barn 
or  shed  on  premises  at  1189  Albany  avenue,  with  empty  bar- 
rels piled  on  top  of  those  in  which  the  goods  were  hidden.  In- 
spector Hickey  reported,  also,  that  on  the  way  to  locate  the 
goods  the  man  Smethoma  entered  two  drug  stores  looking  for 
a  doctor  to  make  arrangement  for  the  burial  of  his  child,  al- 
though, as  he  informed  Inspector  Hickey,  he  had  not  had  his 
clothes  off.  nor  had  he  washed,  for  three  days,  during  which  he 
had  tended  the  child  now  dead. 

At  3  o'clock  on  this  day  (May  16)  the  Singer  goods  in  Smet- 
homa's  'possession  were  burned  by  an  agent  of  the  Board  of 
Health,  in  Inspector  Hickey's  presence,  and  with  a  mob  of 
Smethoma's  neighbors  surging  about  the  place.  On  this  day 
the  records  of  the  board  of  health  show  that  there  were  three 
new  cases  of  small-pox  at  1189  Albany  avenue.  To  this  date 
there  had  been  at  no  time  any  effort  to  quarantine  the  place. 

May  29. — Smethoma  came  to  this  office  to  get  permission  to 
resume  work,  and  produced  the  following  certificate: 

May  28,  1894. 
To  whom  it  may  concern: 

This  is  to  certify  that  the  store  of  1189  Alabamy  avenue  has  been  fumi- 
gated on  May  17,  and  no  more  small-pox  exists  about  the  place.  He  can 
be  allowed  to  resume  business.  W.  E.  MILLER,  M.  D., 

Med.  Inspector  of  Health  Department. 

The  health  department  records  show  three  cases  of  small-pox 
at  this  number  May  17,  and  one  new  case  on  May  22,  again  in 
the  family  of  Smethoma,  the  tailor.  Including  the  two  cases  in 
the  undertaker's  family,  which  were  not  made  a  part  of  the 
health  department's  records,  there  were  seven  cases  of  small-pox, 
at  least  two  fatal,  on  these  premises  in  May,  yet  this  shop  certifi- 
cate was  issued  by  a  city  district  physician  that  work  could  be 
resumed  there  during  that  month.  It  can  hardly  be  needful  to 
state  that  this  permission  to  resume  work  was  not  endorsed  by 
this  office. 

The  history  of  this  shop  is  the  history  of  the  fatal  conceal- 
ments incident  to  tenement  house  manufacture.  The  under- 
taker concealed  from  the  board  of  health  the  fact  that  small- 
pox was  in  his  family.  The  incoming  tenant,  Smethoma,  was 
therefore  not  warned  that  there  had  been  small- pox  in  the  fam- 
ily of  the  outgoing  tenant,  the  undertaker.  Smethoma  in  turn 


31 

concealed  from  A.  L.  Singer  &  Co.,  for  whom  he  worked,  the 
fact  that  there  was  small-pox  in  his  family  on  May  16,  and 
concealed  their  work  on  his  premises  from  the  State  factory 
inspectors. 

When  it  is  considered  that  there  has  been,  throughout  the 
epidemic  in  the  Bohemian  sweat-shop  district,  concealed  cases  of 
small-pox,  so  many  that  the  district  physician  in  charge  once 
stated  to  an  inspector  his  belief  that  there  were  at  that  moment 
not  less  than  500  cases  within  a  radius  of  six  blocks,  the  pain- 
ful conviction  forces  itself  upon  us  that  the  Smethoma  case  is 
typical  of  many,  which,  with  all  our  efforts,  we  failed  to  reach. 

May  15,  1894 — John  Vancura,  436  W.  17th  street,  coat-maker 
for  L.  Abt  &  Co..  218  Market  street.  Inspectors  Kelley  and 
Bisiio. 

On  this  date  between  9  and  10  p.  m.,  the  inspectors  found 
small-pox  in  this  tenement  house,  a  women  to  ill  to  be  moved, 
in  the  rear  basement,  and  the  yellow  card  on  the  door.  Directly 
over  the  patient's  room  is  Vancura's  shop,  where  the  full  num- 
ber of  employes  had  worked  throughout  the  day.  Three  of 
these  employes  live  on  the  premises,  as  do  Vancura  and  his 
family.  There  are  three  families  in  the  house,  one  living  adja- 
cent to  the  infected  family  on  the  ground  floor,  and  Vancura 
occupying  the  entire  upper  floor  for  his  home  and  shop,  which 
are  not  separated.  The  inspectors  found  two  of  Vancura's 
children  sleeping  in  a  room  next  to  the  shop,  with  the  door 
open  between  the  rooms.  The  arms  of  the  sleeping  children  were 
not  examined  by  the  inspectors  but  Vancura  had  no  vaccina- 
tion certificates  for  them.  There  were  thirty-four  overcoats  in 
process  of  manufacture  in  his  shop. 

May  16 — an  order  was  served  on  Commitsioner  Reynolds  to 
condemn  and  destroy  the  goods  in  Vaucura's  shop  in  accord- 
ance with  §  2  of  the  work-shop  law.  Inspector  Bisno  accom- 
panied Dr.  Henry  Reynolds  to  the  shop.  Vancura  complained 
to  Dr.  Harry  Reynolds  of  the  failure  to  quarantine  the  family 
where  the  small-pox  was,  that  the  members  of  the  family  were  in 
and  out,  doors  and  windows  were  open,  and  consequently  his 
own  family  was  exposed  to  the  infection.  Dr.  Henry  Reynolds  did 
not,  however,  remove  or  destroy  the  goods  in  Vancura's  shop, 
but  went  away  saying  that  he  would  return  with  a  police  force 
and  take  the  goods  the  next  day. 

May  17 — Inspectors  Kelley  and  Stevens  visited  Vancura's  shop 
and  found  the  goods  gone  and  the  shop  empty.  They  were  in- 
formed that  "a  man  with  a  buggy"  had  taken  the  goods  away. 
The  small-pox  patient  was  still  on  the  premises.  At  no  time  on 
the  loth,  16th  or  17th  of  May  was  any  quarantine  maintained 
here. 

L.  Abt  &  Sons  reported  that  Dr.  Henry  Reynolds  had  taken 
these  goods  which  had  been  ordered  destroyed  to  be  sterilized, 
a  distinct  violation  of  §  2  of  the  Workshop  law. 


32 

May  16,  1894— Joseph  Triska,  691  Alport  street,  contractor  for 
Calm,  Wampold  &  Co..  2O9-21O  Monroe  street.  Inspectors 
Kelley  and  Stevens. 

This  shop  is  in  the  rear  basement  of  a  tenement  house.  Triska 
living  on  the  premises.  The  inspectors  found  the  shop  locked 
and  looking  through  the  widow,  ascertained  that  it  was  empty. 
There  were  two  cases  of  small-pox  in  Triska's  family.  One 
daughter,  Mary,  then  lay  dead  in  the  house,  and  another  child 
had  just  been  taken  to  the  pest-house.  The  yellow  card  was  on 
the  door  and  a  policeman  was  on  guard.  From  a  woman  in 
the  house  the  inspectors  learned  that  goods  had  been  removed 
from  the  shop  that  day.  Neither  the  officer  nor  any  one  else 
present  knew  who  removed  the  goods,  nor  by  what  authority  it 
was  done,  nor  where  they  had  been  taken.  Inspector  Kelley 
telephoned  Cahn,  Wampold  &  Co.,  and  was  informed  by  them 
that  the  goods  from  Triska's  shop  had  been  taken  to  the  ster- 
ilizers by  agents  of  the  city  health  department. 

The  cases  of  small-pox  in  Triska's  family  were  not  diagnosed 
as  such  until  the  night  preceding  this  inspection,  but  the  con- 
dition of  the  victims  made  it  manifest  that  the  disease  had  been 
present  for  some  days  before.  How  much  clothing  was  manu- 
factured in  and  removed  from  this  shop  during  this  period,  the 
inspectors  had  no  means  of  ascertaining. 

May  19,  1894— Mary  Griffen,  686  S.  Paulina  street,  shirts  and 
boys'  waists  for  Hyman,  237  Monroe  street.  Inspectors  Kel- 
ley and  1  iisno. 

The  inspectors  found  Mrs.  Griffin  in  a  ground  floor  front 
room  of  a  tenement  house.  Mother,  daughter  and  gra.nd- 
daughter  live,  cook,  sleep  and  work  in  this  one  room.  The 
mother  had  twenty-eight  boys'  waists  in  the  room,  in  process  of 
manufacture  for  Hyman.  The  inspectors  made  a  careful  search 
of  the  premises  and  found  the  yellow  card  posted  on  the  second 
floor  rear  door.  They  learned  that  a  child  had  been  taken  sick 
several  days  before,  but  that  the  diagnosis  of  the  case  as  small- 
pox was  not  made  until  Friday  afternoon,  May  18,  when  the 
district  physician  promised  that  the  patient  should  be  removed 
to  the  pest-house  within  twenty-four  hours.  At  the  time  of  this 
inspection  the  twenty-four  hours  had  elapsed,  but  there  were  no 
preparations  for  the  removal  of  the  child.  Mrs.  Griffin  was  noti- 
fied not  to  remove  the  waists  until  further  notice. 

May  20— Sunday — Inspectors  Kelley  and  Bisno  again  visited 
this  house,  at  noon.  The  child  had  been  removed  about  one 
hour  before,  and  a  promise  had  been  given  that  the  place  should 
be  fumigated  on  Monday  morning. 

May  21— Premises  at  686  S.  Paulina  street  were  fumigated 
late  in  the  afternoon,  including  Mrs.  Griffin's  room  with  boys* 
waists. 

May  23— Permission  was  given  to  remove  the  boys'  waists 
from  Mrs.  Griffin's  room,  but  not  to  take  more  work  to  the 


33 

same  place  until  it  was  seen  whether  there  was  a  recurrence  of 
the  disease  there,  as  seemed  more  than  probable  from  the  delay 
in  dealing  with  the  case. 

May  22,  181)4— Anton  Randa,  1636  W.  22ml  street,  custom  tailor 
for  Kelley  Bros.,  merchant  tailors,  268  S.  State  street.  In- 
spector 5  Jisno. 

The  inspector  found  Randa's  shop  in  his  living-  rooms  in  a 
cottage  basement.  There  were  nine  people  in  the  family,  five  of 
whom,  Randa's  wife  and  four  of  his  children,  were  sick  with 
small-pox.  The  four  small  rooms  are  used  for  eating,  sleeping, 
living  and  manufacturing,  and  in  the  room  used  for.  a  shop  are 
two  machines,  three  chairs,  two  tables  and  one  bed.  No  goods 
were  found  in  the  shop,  nor  was  Ran  da  there,  but,  as  the  in- 
spector was  informed  by  Randa's  child,  he  had  gone  after  more 
work.  The  five  small- pox  patients  were  at  this  time  in  the  house. 

At  8  p.  m.  the  inspector  returned  to  Randa's  house,  found 
him,  and  learned  that  the  patients  had  been  removed  to  the 
pest-house.  Randa  at  first  insisted  that  he  had  not  had  any 
work  for  six  months,  but  finally  admitted  that  he  worked  for 
Kelley  Bros.,  268  S.  State  street,  that  he  had  delivered  to  them 
a  coat  very  recently,  and  that  he  had  also  taken  from  them  one 
coat  to  make  on  this  day,  May  22nd.  Where  this  coat  was  he 
absolutely  refused  to  tell,  nor  could  Inspector  Bisno  find  it  on 
the  premises. 

May  23 — Inspector  Stevens  went  to  the  store  of  Kelley  Bros. 
Neither  of  the  partners  was  there.  This  case  was  reported,  as 
above,  to  their  cutter,  and  an  order  on  Randa  for  the  coat  in 
his  possession  was  obtained.  This  cutter  also  told  Inspector 
Stevens  that  the  other  coat  had  been  returned  by  Randa  on 
Thursday.  May  17th,  and  had  been  , delivered  to  a  customer. 
The  inspector  asked  for  the  name  and  address  of  this  customer, 
which  the  cutter  claimed  not  to  know. 

An  order  was  issued  for  Commissioner  Reynolds  to  destroy, 
in  accordance  with  §  2  of  the  workshop  law,  any  goods  in  pro- 
cess of  manufacture  found  in  Anton  Randa's  possession.  In- 
spector Bisno,  accompanied  by  two  agents  of  the  board  of 
health,  returned  to  1636  W.  22d  street,  and  gave  Randa  the 
order  from  Kelley  Bros,  for  the  coat.  Randa  then  took  them 
to  1616  W.  22d  street,  on  which  premises  he  had  concealed  the 
work,  and  produced  it.  They  found  a  boy  in  the  family  where 
this  coat  was  concealed  who  appeared  to  have  small-pox,  and 
the  inspector  remained  there  until  a  district  physician  was 
obtained,  who  diagnosed  the  case  as  small-pox. 

The  infected  coat  was  then  taken  to  an  adjacent  vacant  lot, 
and  burned  by  the  agents  of  the  board  of  health  in  the  pres- 
ence of  Inspector  Bisno. 

-3  S. 


34 

The  district  physician  having  given  his  opinion  that  the  coat 
returned  by  Randa  to  Kelley  Bros,  on  Thursday,  May  17,  was 
undoubtedly  in  an  infectious  condition,  Inspectors  Stevens  and 
Bisno  went  to  the  store  of  Kelley  Bros,  to  make  another  at- 
tempt to  trace  the  coat.  This  time  one  of  the  partners  was  in 
the  store.  He  was  told  of  the  destruction  of  the  coat  found 
hidden  at  1016  W.  22d  street,  and  of  the  circumstances  under 
which  the  coat  returned  to  him  on  May  17  was  made.  In- 
spector Stevens  then  told  Mr.  Kelley  that  the  district  physician 
had  decided  that  this  coat  also  was  infected,  and  again  asked 
for  the  name  and  address  of  the  customer  who  had  received  it. 
Mr.  Kelley  replied  that  the  coat  was  still  in  the  store,  and  that 
he  was  willing  that  it  should  be  destroyed.  When  told  that 
his  cutter  had  that  morning  reported  the  coat  as  delivered  to 
a  customer,  Mr.  Kelley  replied  that  this  was  not  so,  that  the 
coat  was  still  in  the  store. 

May  24 — An  order  was  issued  for  Commissioner  Reynolds  to 
destroy  this  coat,  in  accordance  with  §  2  of  the  Workshop  law. 
Inspector  Bisno  went  with  the  two  agents  of  the  board  of 
health  to  Kelley  Bros.'  store,  where  they  were  given  a  coat, 
which  the  city  agents  burned  in  the  presence  of  Inspector  Bisno. 

Can  the  dangers  of  tenement  house  manufacture  be  more 
drastically  manifested?  Randa  concealed  from  the  merchant 
tailors  who  gave  him  the  coats,  the  fact  that  small-pox  was  in 
fois  family,  although  even  while  he  returned  work  to  them  and 
received  more  from  them,  five  victims  of  the  disease  lay  in  the 
tenement  rooms  where  the  work  was  done.  Again,  he  concealed 
the  work  from  the  State  inspectors,  and  in  so  doing  exposed  it 
still  further  by  hiding  it  in  another  house  where  also  there  was 
small-pox. 

May  24,  1894.— Mrs.  Case,  172  Coulter  street,  waist  maker  for 
Strouss,  Eisendrath  &  Drom,  171  S.  Canal  street.  Inspectors 
Kelley  and  Stevens. 

This  inspection  was  made  upon  a  small-pox  "suspect"  notice. 
Nos.  172  and  174  Coulter  street  form  a  double,  two-story,  ram- 
shackle tenement  house,  crowded  with  tenants  and  used  also  as 
a  boarding  house  for  employes  of  the  18th  street  railway 
company,  the  barns  of  the  company  being  next  door.  A  call 
for  diagnosis  at  both  these  numbers  had  been  made  on  May 
23,  but  when  the  inspectors  were  there,  at  noon  on  May  24, 
^the  district  physician  had  not  arrived. 

The  inspectors  made  a  room  to  room  search  of  these  tene- 
"ments,  and  found  what  appeared  to  be  small-pox  in  an  advanced 
stage  in  three  instances,  one  child  living  at  174  in  the  Oakland 
family,  and  two  children  at  172  in  the  Kellihar  family. 

In  the  rooms  above  the  Kellihar  family  lives  Mrs.  Case,  who 
had,  on  this  morning,  returned  to  Strouss,  Eisendrath  &  Drom 
a  bundle  of  cotton  waists  which  she  made  up  for  them.  The 
firm  was  notified  of  the  probable  presence  of  small-pox  at  172 


35 

Coulter  street,  and  the  consequent  danger  of  infection  in  these 
waists,  and  advised  that  the  same  be  thoroughly  boiled. 

May  S5  —  The  three  cases  at  172-174  Coulter  street  were 
diagnosed  by  a  district  physician  as  small-pox  and  the  patients 
were  removed  to  the  pest  house. 

This  is  one  of  many  eases  in  which  the  work  of  the  inspectors 
has  been  hampered  by  the  absence  of  a  physician.  In  some 
cases  much  precious  time  has  been  lost  in  waiting  for  a  diag- 
nosis of  the  district  physician  of  the  city  board  of  health, 
where  immediate  effective  action  was  impossible  without  it;  and 
in  other  cases  which  might  have  been  recognized  at  once  as 
non-infectious  had  we  had  a  physician  at  command  The  word- 
ing of  §  2  of  the  law  implies  the  need  of  a  physician,  for  who 
else  can  determine  in  each  case  whether  there  is  evidence  of  in- 
fectious or  contagious  disease  present  in  a  shop,  with  authority 
suffcient  to  justify  the  issuing  of  an  order  upon  the  local  board 
of  health  to  condemn  and  destroy  hundreds  of  dollars  worth 
of  goods  in  the  shop? 

May  24,  1894.—  Bartholomy  Bosek,  696  S.  Mav  street,  coat 
maker  for  The  American  Tailors,  Clark  and  Monroe  streets. 
Inspectors  Kelley  and  Stevens. 

This  is  a  home  shop,  in  the  tailor's  kitchen,  second  floor  of  a 
rear  house.  There  was  no  work  on  the  premises  and  Bosek's 
wife  said  that  he  had  gone  to  his  employers  to  return  home 
completed  work  and  get  more.  There  was  small-pox  in  the 
front  house  on  this  lot,  the  yellow  card  on  the  door  but  there 
was  no  quarantine,  and  children  were  all  over  the  premises. 

May  26— Inspector  Bisno  visited  Bosek's  shop  and  found  him 
at  work  on  a  coat  for  the  American  Tailors.  The  firm  was 
notified  not  to  receive  the  coat  until  it  was  sterilized,  and  to 
give  Bosek  no  more  work  until  danger  of  contagion  was  over. 
An  order  was  issued  for  the  sterilization  of  the  coat. 

Bosek's  shop  was  watched,  and  he  was  found  without  work 
when  there  was  a  recurrence  of  small-pox  at  696  S.  May  street, 
on  June  11. 


May  24,  181)4.— 3Irs.  Kosh,  1OO7  Hiiiman  street,  work  for  Max 
Glaser  &  Co.,  15 7 -lot)  Market  street,  and  for  Ederheimer, 
Stoiii  &  Co.,  Market  and  Jackson  streets.  Inspectors  Kelley 
and  Stevens. 

The  inspectors  found  this  a  home  shop,  in  Mrs.  Kosh's  living 
rooms,  the  second  floor  rear  of  a  large  tenement  house.  Mrs. 
Kosh  had  no  work.  A  call  for  diagnosis  had  been  made  for  a 
child  at  1005  Hinman  street  on  May  23,  but  twenty-four  hours 
later,  at  the  lime  of  this  inspection,  the  district  physician  had 
not  reached  the  case.  After  the  inspection  another  twenty-four 
hours  elapsed  before,  on  May  25,  the  official  records  at  the  city 
hall  showed  two  cases  of  small-pox  at  1005  Hinrnan  street. 


36 

May  28,  1894.— Charles  Pechek,  1118  Van  Horn  street,  coat 
maker  for  Ederheimer,  Stein  &  Co.,  Market  and  Jackson 
streets.  Inspector  IJisno. 

This  shop  is  on  the  first  floor  of  a  rear  two-story  and 
basement  tenement  house.  There  are  eleven  persons  employed, 
and  eighty  coats  in  process  of  manufacture  were  found.  Pechek 
was  ordered  not  to  remove  them,  there  being  two  cases  of  small- 
pox in  the  basement  of  the  front  house. 

May  29 —Ederheimer,  Stein  &  Co.  were  notified  of  the  danger 
of  contagion  in  these  goods,  and  warned  riot  to  receive  them 
until  they  had  been  sterilized.  An  order  for  their  sterilization 
was  issued. 

May  29,  1894. — Anton  Kehor,  572  Center  avenue,  coat  maker 
for  Hart,  Schaifner  &  Marx,  Jackson  and  Market  streets. 
Inspectors  Bisno  and  Jones. 

There  is  a  crowded,  double,  four-story  tenement  house  on  the 
front  of  the  lot,  Nos.  570,  572,  and  a  small-pox  patient  in  one 
of  the  families  at  No.  570.  Rehor's  shop  is  in  a  rear  building, 
second  stor3'.  The  inspectors  found  the  shop  closed,  and  Rehor 
told  them  that  he  had  had  no  work  for  a  year. 

Hart,  Schaffner  &  Marx  were  notified  of  the  danger  of  infec- 
tion in  this  shop,  and  warned  not  to  give  Rehor  work  until  the 
danger  was  passed.  The  records  of  the  firm  show  that  Rehor 
returned  work  to  them  a  week  before  this  date. 

May  3O.  1894.— John  Straka,  833  Alport  street,  contractor  for 
Kohn  Brothers,  Monroe  and  Market  streets.  Inspectors  Ste- 
vens and  Bisno. 

This  shop  is  in  a  rear  building,  second  floor,  and  there  was 
no  work  found  in  it.  In  the  front  house,  a  deep  three-story 
and  basement  tenement,  there  was  a  case  of  small-pox,  no 
quarantine,  and  no  yellow  card.  The  only  sign  to  be  seen  on 
the  house  was  a  sign  of  "Rooms  for  Rent,"  which  hung  in  the 
window  of  a  room  on  the  first  flror  front. 

Kohn  Brothers  were  notified  that  there  was  small-pox  on  these 
premises,  and  warned  not  to  give  work  to  Straka. 

May  31,  1894.— Mary  Vrelna,  757  W.  18th  street,  home  finisher 
for  Wm.  Tredor,  914  W.  2Oth  street.  Tredor  is  a  contractor 
for  C.  P.  Kelloggr  &  Co.,  167  Franklin  street;  Kaufman  & 
Bros.,  18O  Adams  street,  and  the  Standard  Pants  Company, 
218,  22O  Market  street.  Inspectors  Stevens  and  Bisno. 

Mrs.  Vrelna  lives  and  works  in  rooms  in  the  rear  ground 
floor  of  a  front  frame  house.  On  the  floor  above  a  woman, 
with  a  new-born  babe,  lay  sick  with  small-pox,  too  ill  to  be 
moved  to  the  pest  house.  The  yellow  card  was  on  the  door, 
and  a  policeman  was  on  guard. 

The  inspectors  found  no  work  for  Tredor,  and  Mrs.  Vrelna 
said  that  she  had  had  none  for  three  weeks.  In  her  rooms  the 
inspectors  found  a  young  girl  whose  face  showed  that  she  had 
recently  recovered  from  small-pox.  She  lives  in  the  ground  floor 


87 

front  rooms  of  this  house,  adjacent  to  those  of  Mrs.  Vrelna. 
She  told  the  inspectors  that  she  was  sick  with  small-pox 
eight  weeks  before,  and  had  been  well  enough  to  be  out  for  four 
weeks;  that  no  doctor  was  called  for  her,  and  no  one  but  her 
family  and  a  few  neighbors  knew  of  her  sickness.  She  also  said 
that  while  she  was  sick  Mrs.  Vrelna  was  sewing  for  Tredor,  and 
Mrs.  Vrelna  said  that  this  was  so. 

This  successfully  concealed  case  of  small-pox  with  garments 
making  going  on  in  the  adjoining  rooms  throughout  the  entire 
seige,  will  illustrate  the  futility  of  attempted  "regulation"  of 
tenement  house  manufacture.  Goods  made  up  eight  weeks  be- 
fore danger  of  contagion  in  them  was  known  to  any  person 
authorized  to  inspect  their  sanitary  condition,  had  long  before 
the  eight  weeks  elapsed  passed  through  the  hands  of  the  con- 
tractor and  the  manufacturer  and  may  have  carried  contagion 
to  unsuspecting  purchasers. 

June  4,  1894 — Peter  Otto,  1O11  Van  Horn  street,  pants  maker 
for  Cahn,  Wampolcl  &  Co.,  2O4-21O  Monroe  street.  Inspect- 
ors Stevens  and  Bisno. 

This  shop  is  on  the  first  floor  rear  of  a  two-story  tenement 
house,  and  is  not  properly  separated  from  Otto's  living  rooms. 
The  inspectors  found  eight  persons  working,  with  small-pox 
next  door,  at  1007  Van  Horn  street  (there  is  no  1009).  The 
addresses  of  these  eight  employes,  and  of  Otto's  five  home 
finishers,  were  taken  by  the  inspectors,  and  all  were  found  to 
be  living  on  streets  where  small-pox  is  now  epidemic. 

Ca,hn,  Wampold  &  Co.  were  acquainted  with  these  facts  by 
Inspector  Kelley,  and  assured  her  that  their  work  on  these 
premises  was  not  being  closed  out,  and  that  no  more  would  be 
given  Otto  until  the  danger  from  small-pox  was  over. 

June  22 — Inspector  Bisno  visited  Otto's  shop  and  found  five 
persons  still  at  work  there.  There  had  been  recurrence  of  small- 
pox at  1007  Van  Horn  street,  two  patients  having  been  re- 
moved to  the  hospital  on  June  16.  On  the  21st  of  June,  the 
day  previous  to  this  inspection,  a  child  of  one  of  Otto's  home 
finishers  living  at  1040  Van  Horn  street,  had  been  taken  to  the 
pest-house. 

The  conditions  surrounding  the  work  done  in  this  shop  dur- 
ing these  June  weeks  were  certainly  such  that  no  assurance  can 
be  given  that  the  clothing  there  made  up  has  gone  to  its  pur- 
chasers free  from  infection.  Yet  the  inspectors,  their  appeal  to 
the  manufacturers  employing  Otto  having  failed  of  effect,  were 
powerless  to  stop  work  in  his  shop  as  there  was  no  technical 
evidence  of  actual  contagion  on  the  premises. 


38 

June  6,  1894— Joseph  Mathous.  469  W.  19th  street,  coat  maker 
•for  Nicoll  the  Tailor,  Adams  and  Clark  streets.  Inspectors 
Kelley  and  Merz. 

This  shop  is  in  the  first  floor  rear  of  a  three  story  tenement 
house,  Mathous  living  on  the  premises,  shop  not  properly  s?pa- 
rated  from  his  living  rooms.  The  inspectors  found  thirteen 
persons  at  work,  and  six  coats  completed,  or  in  process  of 
manufacture,  or  in  bundles  not  yet  opened.  The  addresses  of 
the  thirteen  employes  were  taken,  and  it  was  found  that  all  were 
living  on  streets  where  small-pox  was  epidemic. 

During  this  inspection  a  child  was  removed  from  463  W.  19th 
street  to  the  pest-house,  the  fifth  case  taken  from  that  house. 
The  ambulance  and  the  Health  Department  carriage  stood  at 
the  door  forty  minutes,  while  a  crowd  gathered,  made  up  of 
school  children,  work  people  from  the  neighboring  shops,  and 
friends  of  the  patient's  family.  The  little  patient  was  finally 
carried  to  the  ambulance  through  a  surging  crowd  of  primary 
school  children  who  pressed  about  the  physicians  and  drivers, 
eagerly  curious  to  see  how  the  sick  child  looked.  There  were 
no  police  in  sight,  and  when  the  patient  had  been  carried  away 
groups  of  neighbors  stood  talking  of  the  large  number  of  cases 
that  had  occurred  in  the  block,  and  of  the  uselesness  of  precau- 
tionary measures,  since  "small-pox  comes  from  Heaven,  and  has 
nothing  to  do  with  making  scratches  on  children's  arms." 

The  record  of  small-pox  by  streets  shows  that  there  have  been 
cases  at  463  and  471  W.  19th  street;  one  case  at  714  Loomis 
street;  two  cases,  one  resulting  fatally,  at  715  Loomis;  while 
one  man  died  of  the  disease  on  the  day  of  this  inspection  at 
719  Loomis,  corner  of  W.  19th  street,  opposite  Mathous'  shop 
— a  total  of  ten  cases,  two  of  them  fatal,  on  three  sides  of  the 
shop.  The  bedding  used  throughout  the  illness  of  the  patients 
at  715  Loomis  street  had  been  thrown  from  the  rear  windows 
of  the  house,  and  was  lying  rotting  beside  471  W.  19th  street. 

Mathous  was  instructed  to  hold  the  six  coats  in  his  shop  for 
disinfection,  and  Nicoll  was  notified  not  to  receive  them  until 
they  had  been  sterilized. 

June  7 — Inspectors  Kelley  and  Bisno  went  again  to  Mathous' 
shop,  and  found  that  three  coats  had  been  held,  but  the  other 
three  had  been  returned  to  Nicoll.  Nicoll  was  at  once  notified 
that  the  coats  returned  to  him  by  Mathous  must  be  sent  to  the 
sterilizer  (which  was  done),  and  that  no  more  goods  could 
safely  be  sent  to  this  neighborhood  until  sufficient  time  had 
elapsed  to  give  assurance  that  there  would  be  no  recurrence  of 
the  disease.  The  coats  remaining  in  Mathous'  shop  were  also 
sterilized. 


39 

.Tune  (>,  1894. — Anton  Benesek,  57O  l.aflin  street,  buttonhole 
maker  for  a  large  number  of  sweat-shops  in  the  infected  dis- 
trict. Inspectors  Bisno  and  Merz. 

This  shop  is  in  the  ground  floor  front  of  a  tenement  house. 
While  the  inspection  was  being  made  a  child  was  carried  away 
from  the  house  next  door,  dead  of  black  small-pox.  The  house 
beyond  that  in  which  the  child  died  also  had  the  yellow  card  out,, 
and  two  cases  of  the  disease,  the  patients  still  in  the  house. 
The  inspectors  found  in  Benesek's  shop  twenty-four  coats  for 
Shofel,  930  W.  18th  street,  belonging  to  Hart,  Sehaffner  & 
Marx;  thirty  coats  for  Mydlil,  444  W.  19th  street,  also  belong- 
ing to  Hart,  Schaffner  &  Marx;  three  coats  for  Prucha,  558  W. 
19th  street,  belonging  to  L.  Arnheim,  175  S,  Clark  street,  and 
several  coats  for  Bombas,  862  S.  Ashland  avenue. 

The  inspectors  telephoned  to  this  office  for  instructions,  and 
an  order  was  issued  that  all  goods  then  in  the  buttonhole  shop, 
should  be  sterilized.  Before  the  wagon  of  the  sterilizer  reached 
570  Laflin  street  the  goods  for  Mydlil  and  Shofel  had  been  re- 
turned to  their  shops,  which  are  both  in  crowded  tenement 
houses  in  the  infected  district.  The  goods  were  followed  to  the 
shops,  and  taken  thence  to  the  sterilizer,  and  the  garments  re- 
maining in  the  buttonhole  shop  were  also  sent  to  be  serilized. 
(In  connection  with  these  goods  of  Hart,  Schaffner  and  Marx, 
see  record  of  the  same  Mydlil,  May  9th  and  16th.) 

June  28,  1894— Frank  Pospichal,  644  W.  18th  street,  coat 
maker  for  L.  Lowenstein  &  Co.,  122  Franklin  street.  Inspect- 
ors Bisno  and  Moran. 

This  shop  is  on  the  third  floor  rear  of  a  tenement  house.  Pos- 
pichal's  family  living  on  the  floor  below.  In  the  third  floor- 
front  a  child  in  a  family  named  Voshlik  died  of  small-pox  on 
June  26,  and  was  taken  away  for  burial  on  June  27.  The 
inspectors  found  no  work  in  Pospichal's  shop,  and  he  told  them 
that  his  last  work  was  taken  back  to  Loewenstein  &  Co.  on  Fri- 
day, June  22d.  He  also  told  the  inspectors  that  the  child  wha 
died  of  small-pox  on  June  26  was  not  taken  sick  until  Mon- 
day, June  25. 

The  account  of  the  firm's  transactions  with  outside  contract- 
ors showed  that  Pospichal  did  return  work  to  them,  L.  Loew- 
enstein &  Co.,  on  June  22.  and  also  that  he  still  had  work  out 
for  the  firm.  This  work  having  been  exposed  to  infection,  and 
not  being  in  Pospichal's  shop,  as  the  inspectors  had  seen,  In- 
spector Bisno  required  an  order  for  it  from  Mr.  Loewenstein, 
which  was  given.  With  the  agent  of  the  city  sterilizer,  he  then 
went  with  the  order  to  Pospichal,  who  took  them  next  door,  to 
646  W.  13th  street,  and  there,  in  a  basement  occupied  by  a  Mr. 
Skala,  they  found  Loeweusteinrs  goods  in  bundles,  19  in  all. 
These  bundles,  alleged  to  contain  13  overcoats  and  27  sack 
coats,  were  taken  to  the  sterilizer.  Pospichal  told  the  inspect- 
ors that  these  goods  were  taken  from  his  shop  to  this  basement 
on  Tuesday,  June  26,  the  day  the  child  died. 


June  29— Inspectors  Kelley  and  Bisno  called  upon  the  district 
physician  who  had  attended  the  child,  Dr.  Strzyzowsky,  who 
told  them  that  the  Voshlik  family  were  regular  patients  of  his, 
but,  suspecting-  that  the  child  was  ill  with  small-pox,  and  fear- 
ing that  he  would  order  it  sent  to  the  pest-house,  they  had  con- 
cealed the  case  and  refrained  during  nine  days  from  calling  him 
in  until,  the  child's  death  being  imminent,  they  sent  for  him  late 
on  the  night  of  Monday,  June  25.  When  he  called  again,  the 
following  morning,  the  child  was  dying. 

As  the  child's  entire  period  of  illness  was  spent  in  the  room 
adjoining  Pospichal's  workroom,  the  Voshlik  family  and  the 
employes  of  Pospichal  using  the  same  stairs,  halls  and  water 
closets  throughout  these  nine  days,  the  inspectors  decided  that 
the  goods  returned  to  Loeweristein  &  Co.  during  the  illness  must 
be  regarded  as  infectious.  They  were  therefore  ordered  sent  to 
the  city  sterilizer  before  noon  on  June  29,  and  were  taken 
thither  by  the  city  agent  in  the  presence  of  Inspector  Bisno. 

This  case,  like  many  of  the  preceding  ones,  illustrates  the 
hopelessness  of  the  attempt  to  guarantee  freedom  from  conta- 
gion while  tenement  house  manufacture  is  tolerated.  Here,  too, 
the  concealment  practiced  by  the  family  of  the  sick  child  and 
by  the  sweater  involved  the  sending  out  of  infectious  goods  in 
spite  of  the  infection  law.  So  long  as  garments  are  made  in 
homes  disease  in  these  homes  will  be  concealed. 

Concealments  in^  Tenement  Houses. 

Among  the  reasons  for  concealment,  the  chief  are  the  fear  of 
the  pest-house  and  financial  loss.  Parents  dread  to  see  suffering 
little  children  carried  away  to  a  pest-house  where  70  per  cent,  of 
all  the  patients  die,  and  they  resort  to  extraordinary  measures, 
such  as  hiding  sick  children  in  coffee-sacks,  locking  them  in 
water-closets,  or  smuggling  them  away  to  remote  suburbs  wrap- 
ped as  bundles  of  coats  and  transported  in  street-cars  filled 
with  unsuspected  fellow-passengers.  In  some  cases  an  entire 
flat  has  been  darkened  and  locked  for  days  together,  the  pa- 
rents coming  and  going  in  the  small  hours  of  the  night,  while 
they  nursed  their  children  through  the  plagae,  and  neighboring 
tenants  upon  the  same  floor  believed  that  the  whole  family  had 
gone  away.  In  other  cases,  doors  and  windows  were  barricaded 
as  well  as  locked  and  bolted,  and  the  health  officers  were  obliged 
to  break  down  the  doors.  The  afflicted  families  found  steadfast 
allies  in  their  struggle  for  concealment  among  the  neighbors 
whose  interest  in  the  matter  coincided  with  their  own.  Land- 
lords dread  the  yellow  card  lest  it  cause  their  tenants  to  flee 
and  hinder  ne\v  ones  from  coming.  Shop-keepers  lose  their  trade 
where  small-pox  is  known  to  be  overhead,  or  in  the  rear  of  the 
shop,  and  fellow-tenants  fear  for  their  goods  and  their  chances 
of  employment,  if  the  presence  of  the  disease  is  made  known 
and  fumigation  and  quarantine  follow. 


41 

All  these  things  happen  in  greater  measure  during  an  epidemic 
than  at  other  times,  but  on  the  other  hand,  public  attention  is 
then  fixed  upon  the  infectious  district,  and  some  precautionary 
measures  are  taken.  At  all  times  we  have  with  us  diphtheria, 
scarlet  fever,  measles,  typhoid,  tuberculosis,  scabies  and  other 
forms  of  infectious  or  contagious  disease.  The  same  concealment 
is  practiced,  but  public  scrutiny  is  lacking,  and  the  danger  in- 
herent in  tenement  manufacture  is  therefore  a  permanent  one. 

Concealments  by  the  City  Board  of  Health. 

After  June  10  the  board  of  health  adopted  an  avowed  policy 
of  concealment.  From  this  time  the  lists  of  new  cases,  which 
had  before  been  imperfect  from  a  lack  of  system  and  of  respon- 
sible book-keeping,  were  rendered  absolutely  worthless  by  order 
of  the  commissioner  of  health.  District  physicians  were  notified 
to  give  out  no  more  information,  and  the  city  hall  lists  were 
reduced  to  two  cases  per  day.  One  example  of  suppression  of 
cases  may  serve  to  show  how  far  this  policy  has  been  carried. 
Since  it  was  inaugurated  three  children  of  the  McLaughlin  fam- 
ily, living  in  a  tenement  house  at  82  Brown  street,  were  removed 
to  the  pest-house  on  three  different  days.  None  of  three  cases 
appears  upon  any  list.  One  omission  may  be  explained  away 
as  accidental,  but  not  three  in  the  same  family,  the  same  house 
and  the  same  month. 

Throughout  the  epidemic  there  has  been  no  mortality  record 
by  days  or  weeks,  from  which  we  might  have  formed  at  least 
an  estimate  of  the  varying  degree  of  danger.  Admissions  and 
discharges  at  the  pest-house  are  known  only  to  the  Sister  in 
charge  of  them,  and  the  daily  number  has  at  no  time  been 
obtainable  from  the  health  department. 

The  yellow  card  which  would  be  of  inestimable  use  to  us  if  posted 
and  kept  in  place  upon  infectious  premises,  as  prescribed  by  the 
city  ordinance,  has  been  tacked  upon  rear  sheds  and  in  hallways, 
upon  inside  doors,  up  three  flights  of  stairs  and  in  many  cases 
has  never  been  posted  at  all.  Cards  have  been  torn  down  in 
scores  of  cases  but  not  one  prosecution  has  been  instituted  by 
the  board  of  health  for  this  serious  offense  against  the  public 
safety.  Trade  has  been  carried  on  in  groceries,  milk  depots, 
cigar  shops  and  drug  stores,  while  the  warning  card  was  either 
gone  altogether  or  carefully  concealed  in  an  upper  story  or  a 
rear  yard,  and  customers,  ignorant  of  their  danger,  visited  the 
infected  premises  as  usual.  From  this  connivance  of  the  local 
officials  at  the  infamy  of  landlords  and  shopkeepers,  the  State 
inspectors  have  suffered  with  the  rest  of  the  community,  finding 
cases  too  late  to  take  any  effective  measures  for  the  enforcement 
of  the  law,  and  often  failing  altogether  to  learn  of  the  presence 
of  small-pox  until  weeks  after  the  burial  of  the  patient.  And 
this  in  spite  of  faithful  daily  searching  in  the  infectious  district. 


42 

The  guarding  against  recurrence  of  the  disease  on  the  same 
premises  with  garment-making  has  been  further  hindered  by  the 
removal  of  the  yellow  card  immediately  after  fumigation.  Where 
a  patient  was  removed  in  the  morning  and  the  premises  were 
fumigated  and  the  card  removed  in  the  afternoon,  an  inspector 
calling  an  hour  later  would  find  no  hint  of  danger  and  a  sweater 
might  go  on  with  his  work  the  next  day  undisturbed. 

The  Lesson  of  the  Epidemic. 

The  presence  of  a  shop  in  a  tenement  house  adds  three  elements 
of  danger  during  an  epidemic.  It  gathers  together  men,  woman 
and  children  from  other  tenements  where  the  disease  may  be, 
and  instead  of  keeping  them  by  themselves  in  large,  light  factory 
rooms,  the  tenement  house  shop  throws  them  into  direct  con- 
tact with  tenants  living  in  the  most  unwholesome  conditions, 
for  the  shops  are  in  the  worst  and  most  unwholesome  houses. 
Thus  the  presence  of  a  shop  in  a  tenement  house  increases  the 
probability  that  the  tenants  may  have  the  disease  brought 
to  them.  And  the  larger  the  number  of  employes  coming  from 
other  tenement  houses  the  greater  this  probability. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  the  shop  is  itself  in  an  infected  house, 
the  employes  can  not  know  the  fact  in  time  to  save  themselves 
from  exposure,  for,  as  has  been  repeatedly  pointed  out,  many 
cases  have  been  recognized  as  small-pox  only  after  the  death  of 
the  patient. 

The  third  element  of  danger  is  the  sending  out  of  infectious 
garments  among  the  unsuspecting  purchasing  public,  which  needs 
no  further  comment  in  this  report. 

The  sanitary  value  of  the  concentration  of  the  garment- 
workers  in  factories  which  could  be  permanently  located,  and 
successfully  inspected,  is  wholly  beyond  computation  even  in 
ordinary  times  when  there  is  no  epidemic.  This  consideration 
alone,  would,  in  the  opinion  of  the  inspectors,  justify  the  pro- 
hibition of  tenement  manufacture,  as  a  strictly  sanitary  measure. 

The  preceding  record  of  cases  illustrates  both  the  protection 
afforded  the  public  by  the  law  as  it  stands,  and  also  the  weak 
points  of  the  law,  which  would  have  to  be  amended  if  the  at- 
tempt to  regulate  tenement  manufacture  by  restrictive  provis- 
ions were  to  be  carried  farther.  In  the  opinion  of  the  inspectors, 
however,  this  record  shows  the  hopelessness  of  the  attempt  to 
protect  the  public  health  from  dangers  which  are  inherent  in 
tenement  manufacture,  and  can  not  be  successfully  minimized  or 
eradicated  while  that  is  tolerated,  but  can  be  removed  only  by 
its  prohibition. 

To  continue  the  toleration  of  manufacture  in  tenement  houses 
in  the  face  of  this  year's  epidemic  would  argue  the  people  of 
Illinois  incapable  of  learning  from  experience. 


43 


RECORD  BY  STREETS. 


The  following  record  of  small-pox  by  streets  is  compiled  from 
the  records  of  the  city  board  of  health,  with  the  addition  of 
cases  found  by  the  inspectors  through  the  district  physicians' 
lists  of  diagnoses,  and,  finally,  by  their  own  search  for  infection 
in  connection  with  clothing. 

The  record  is  not  to  be  regarded  as  showing  the  actual 
amount  of  small-pox  in  juxtaposition  to  garment-workers,  but 
merely  as  showing  what  was  ascertained  under  many  and  vary- 
ing difficulties,  in  a  few  of  the  streets  in  which  garment- makers 
live  and  work. 

The  streets  selected  lie  between  Sixteenth  on  the  north,  and 
the  Chicago  River  on  the  south;  Fisk  street  on  the  east,  and 
the  city  limits  on  the  west.  Those  streets  within  this  district 
have  been  omitted  from  the  list  which  exhibited  few  garments 
or  few  cases  of  small-pox,  unless  the  two  were  suggestively  near 
together. 

Cigar  makers,  shirt  makers,  home-finishers,  custom  tailors,  etc., 
have  been  indicated  as  such.  All  names  not  otherwise  specified 
indicate  sweat-shops,  the  employes  varying  in  number  from  one 
to  fifty.  In  considering  the  juxtaposition  of  the  cases  and  the 
shops,  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  employes  ordinarily 
live  on  the  same  premises,  or  next  door,  or  in  the  same  block, 
and  always  within  walking  distance;  that  the  shops  are  in  the 
most  crowded  houses,  and  that  quarantine  and  isolation  are 
unknown. 

Albany  Avenue. 

Small-Pox.  Tenement  House  Shop. 

999 June  4 

1046, Mrs.  Rothkovska,  home-flnisher. 

1083,Wilfzorck April  28 

1095,  Rinnac A  pril  28 

1095,  Rinnac,  5  cases May  11 

1117,Dizek June  1 

1126,Marvin June  4 

1133 April  16  1133,  M.  Kubal,  custom  tailor. 

1147,  Rosa  Trouble,  shirt  maker. 

1147,  Mrs.  Jendel,  shirt  maker. 


1169 June  8 

1169 ...May  23 


1166,  J.  Hestha. 


44 


Albany  Avenue— Concluded. 


Small- Pox. 


1189.  Smethoma May  16  1189 

1189,  Sropahg May  17 

1189,  Vanacek,  2  cases May  17 

ll»9,8methoma May  82 

1193 June  5 

1201,Johanek May  3 

1206 June  8 


1213 May  20 

1214,Berner June  4 


Tenement  House  Shop. 

,  John  Smethoma,  coat  maker  for  A.  L.  Singer  &  Co., 
168  Market  st. 


1210,  M.Williams,  contractor  for  Cahn,  Wampold  &  Co., 
204-216  Monroe  St.,  and  M.  J.  Berkson.  2*4-236 
Fifth  av. 


Alport  Street. 


A.  Vaneschek,  coat  maker  for  Hirsch,  Elson  &  Co., 

160, 162  Market  St. 
J.  Dvorak. 
A.  Horky,  contractor  for  M.  Born  &  Co.,  250  Market 

st. 

C.  Pehore,  custom  tailor. 

A.  Thuma,  contractor  for  Cahn,  Wampold  &  Co. 

J.  Zuich. 

J.  Suchan. 

J.  Bauer. 

J.  Slapah. 

Frank  Prybil. 

J.  Marsalek. 

Jos.  Triska,  contractor  for  Cahn,  Wampold  &  Co., 

204-21<i  Monroe  st. 
Peter  Zituek,  coat  maker  for  E.  Rothschild  &  Bro., 

203, 205  Monroe  st. 


Mrs.  Vanicek,  shirt  maker. 
Mrs.  Yndacek,  shirt  maker. 

Simon  Marsalek,  coat  maker  for   Ku.h   Nathan  & 

Fischer.  Franklin  and  VanBuren  sts. 
V.  Meazek,  contractor  for  Ederheimer,  Stein  &  Co., 

cor.  Market  and  Jackson  sts. 
L.  Hasek,  custom  tailor. 

N.  Kubergnight,*  finisher  for  Benedict,  Goldman  & 

Co.,  237, 239  Market  st. 
J.  Libera. 


W.  Kubin. 

J.  Dvorak. 

Doubovsky,  overall  maker  for  Louis  Goodman,  156, 

158  Market  st. 
A.  Skadliske,  custom  tailor. 


Miss  Kohut,  home-finisher. 
T.  Zik,  coat  maker. 


M.  Kvech,  cigarmaker. 

Mrs.  Younger,  home-finisher. 

L.  Noseck. 

J.  Krisl. 

Mrs.  Kozieh,  finisher. 

Svoboda. 


A.  Adler,  custom  tailor. 


*  A  person  who  works  in  the  factory  by  day  and  carries  home  goods  to  finish  at  night. 


662,  Kossel  

May  31 

663, 

663, 
665, 

666, 
666, 

668, 
670, 
677, 
679, 
685. 
689, 
691, 

699, 

744, 
745, 

756, 
757, 
763, 
766, 
770, 

777. 

779, 
783, 

785, 

792, 
793, 

804, 
807. 
816. 
810, 
823. 
824, 

830, 

665,  Olisar  .. 

..April  18 

665,  CWisar  

.  .  .  April  22 

665,  Varbeck  

....May  12 

667   Both  2  cases 

...April  26 

691,  Triska,  2  cases  , 

....May  15 

699,  Voncura,  2  cases  ... 

...May  1 

699,  Henic  

May  3 

699,  Hossminu  

May  11 

711,  Linehart  

May  3 

711,  Jaker  

May  3 

729,  Varos  

....May  12 

736,  Darradi  

...April  26 

739,  Oobelafsky,2  cases. 
741  

....May  17 
...April  22 

749,  Kominik  

...May  17 

756,  2  cases  

.  .  April  20 

756,  Priff  ,  2  cases  

May  18 

757,  Besata  

.  .  .  .  May  28 

764,  Hart.... 

May  28 

766,  Zarek,  2  cases  

May  12 

774.  Moravigz.  2  cases.  .. 

...May  17 

776,  Sechranska  

.  .  .  April  26 

778,  Secizy  

...April  30 

783,  Koracek  

.  ..June  21 

787,  J  lima  

.  .  .  April  26 

788,  Secizy  

April  30 

800,  Topka  ... 

...April  24 

803,  Peha  

May  17 

804,  Kucera  

.  ..  .May  1 

823   Slava  

...May  1 

828,  Taf  vanek  

May  1 

45 


Small-Pox. 


833, 


Alport  Street— Concluded. 

Tenement  House  Shop. 

.May  30  833,  John  Straka,  contractor  for  Kohn  Bros.,  Monroe  and 

Market  sts. 
840,  J.  Peseck,  custom  tailor. 


Ambrose  Street. 


528  

..April  24 

175,  J.  Kuhns. 
183,  John  Metzger. 

542,  Kich,  2  cases  

....May  7 

582,  Englehardt,  2  cases  . 
591,  Engel  

..April  27 
..April  27 

547,  V.  Rezab. 

591,  Engel,  4  cases... 

....  MM  v  7 

591,  . 

...May  ID 

569... 
570.... 


589,Hubka. 
611,  Smith.. 


South  Center  Aveiiue.  , 

538.  John  Krecl. 

538,  John  Hicelik. 

546, Mrs.  Vanecek,  home  finisher. 

556,  J.  Newman. 

556,  F.  Matoubek. 

565,  J.  Niemaii. 

565,  C.  Drache,  custom  tailor. 

567,  Mrs.  Meushal,  shirt  maker. 

572,  A.  Eehor,  coat  maker  for  Hart,  Schaffner  &  Marx, 

Jackson  and  Market  sts. 
583,  Chas.  Smola,  cigar  maker. 

595,  John  Bowzek. 

601,  Mrs.  Spatz,  home  finisher. 

615,  Mary  Mytler,  shirt  maker. 
638,  J.  Schmidt,  custom  tailor. 
643,  J.  Denemark. 


April  22 
..May  29 


.  .May  3 
.May  11 


644 

674,  Weisman. 


.May  18 
.May  11 


683,  Mrs.  Kryasovska,  shirt  maker. 
700,  Mrs.  Burton,  shirt  maker. 


381,  Wiltshire  

April  22 

381                   

May  17 

890  

June  11 

424.  Konwoberika  .  .  , 

...May  11 

467,  Vaclav  Kosatka May  13 


515,Westerlik May  11 


West  Eighteenth  Street. 

380,  Jacob  Herda. 


385,  L.  Rychavy. 

417, K.  Sickra.c\g&r  maker. 
419,  John  Kolar.  cigar  maker. 

433,  Mary  Novobna,  shirt  maker. 

434,  Mrs.  Wesser.  home  finisher. 

435,  Mrs.  Hossmann,  home  finisher. 
435,Mrs.  Pollashek,  home  finisher. 
435,  Mrs.  Weierick,  home  finisher. 
436, K.  Nebzensky. 

437, Mrs.  Novakovska,  pants  maker. 
461, /.  Eppstein,  cigar  maker. 

471,  Vaclav  Polka,  cigar  maker. 

485,Mariska. 

484,  A.  Jerman,  home  finisher. 

512,  Jos.  Hacha.  cigar  maker. 

514,  Soupel  Bros. 

521,  Jos.  Felipe. 

531,  .F.  Hoby.  cigar  maker. 

537, Mrs.  Miduna,  home  finisher. 

567.J.  Heonischek. 

569,  J.  Bauer. 

572,8.  Lacina. 


46 


West  Eighteenth  Street— Continued. 


Small-  Pox- 
575,  Westerlik May  11 

599,Wistein May  16 


601,  Wm.  Feruka,  cigarmaker. 
604,  Joe  Hondek. 
608,  A.  Fiala. 

626,  J.  Novak. 

627,  J.  Dvorak,  custom  tailor. 

644,  Voshlik June  26  644,  Frank  Pospichal,  contractor  for  L.  Loewenstein 

Co.,  122  Franklin  st. 
648,  J.  Tuma. 
650, Mrs.  Rawhicb,  home  finisher. 


651,Bandor June  22 


682. 

«;s3, 

690, 

692. 
692, 
694 
694, 
697. 
702. 
704, 
704. 
704, 
704, 
T04, 
707, 
707, 
707, 
714. 


Helm  March  13 

Hovish May  12 

Stochouska May  28 

Perozinska,  2  cases May  15 

Perozinska May  28 

May  25 

Prezek June  2 

June  11 

June  11 

Wisniewski 

Szumski,  2  cases May  15 

Machezewski May  15 

Guinot,  3  cases May  15 

Keri,  4  cases May  15 

Lesceyk April  22 

Lesceyk Apri1  30 

Lesceyk May  2 

May  15 


,Jos.  Blaha. 

,  Jos.  Kalina,  cigar  maker. 


691  ,F.  Eehon,  shirt  maker. 


697,  F.  Partie,  custom  tailor. 

May  11  794, David  Schwartz,  cloak  maker  for  F.  Siegel  &  Bros.. 
222-228  Market  st.,  also  for  Mannheimer,  Lepman  & 
Co.,  221  Market  st. 


718, 
719. 
720. 
721, 
723 


715 
717 

Severson June  20 

April  22 
April  21  723 
Zamadski . ..............  A  pril  30 

May  2723, 


724 

726 

728 


741 
745 


Miniewskorsky.  2  cases. May  16 

May  14 

May  17 


731 
734 
737 

Bolardofsky May  15 

Chria April  30  745 


772, 
778, 
774. 


Schole 1 April  16 

Naymann May 


775,2  cases April  22 

775.  Rutkowski April  27 

775,Kulder May  15 

784,  Koveris April  28 

786,  Mravek May  11 


834. 


Tenement  House  Shop. 


F.  Coaz. 

./.  Vavricek,  cigars. 

8.  Skokal. 


Worda. 

J.  H.  Daniel,  cigar  maker. 


M.  Belinsky.  contractor  for  Joseph  Beifeld  &  Co., 
253  Jackson  st. 

J.  Daketin,  home  finisher  for  W.  Franz,  927  W.  17th 
contractor  for  Kuh.  Nathan  &  Fischer,  cor.  Frank- 
lin and  VanBuren  sts. 


Trumak,  custom  tailor. 
Joseph  Hantak,  cigar  maker. 
Anton  Stengl,  cigarmaker. 


J.  Dvorak,  contractor  for  Strauss,  Yondorf  &  Rose, 
cor.  Market  and  Quincy  sts. 

757,Ceskl May  28  757. Mary  Vrlna,  home  finisher  for  Wm.  Tredor.  914  W. 

28th  st.,  a  contractor  for  C.  P.  Kellogg  &  C<>.,  167 
Franklin  st. ;  Kauffmann  Bros..  180  Adams  St.,  and 
The  Standard  Pants  Co..  218-220  Market  st. 


April  23  774,  Mrs.  Showers,  home  finisher  for  Carl  Heider,  937  W. 
18th  st..  a  contractor  for  E.  Rothschild  &  Bro.,  203- 
205  Monroe  st. 


780,  J.  Serpan. 


8CO.F.  Novak,  home  finisher. 
800,  A.  Straud,  home  finisher. 
816,  M.  Vancura,  home  finisher. 
,822,  J.  Skansky,  home  finisher. 
830,  F.  Martinek. 
8S2,  A.  Jarganska. 
.June  7  834,  J.  Bosinsky.  contractor  for  Becker,  Meyer  &  Co., 218- 

220  Market  &t. 
862,  J.  Korar. 

866,  Mrs.  Swonda,  home  finisher. 
866.J.  Haydonek. 


47 


West  Eighteenth  Street — Concluded. 


Small-Pox. 

902,Knaack...  ...April  18 

902,Knaack April  22 

905,  Knaack May  1 0 

90S,  Keffner May  16 

905,  Kerriher,  2  cases May  10 

911,  Podonak May  16 

916,Lubvo ...May  12 


932,Benke May  5 

Cor.  18th  st.  and  Hoyne  av., 

Benef May  9 


979,  Beleck April  28 

979,BeIeck,  2  cases May  15 

983,Pokorney April  22 

987 May  28 

997 May  16 

1006 April  26 


Tenement  House  Shop. 


906,Parath,  he  me  finisher. 

913,  Mrs.  Btrinkowska.  home  finisher. 


917,  Mrs.  Pokersky,  home  finisher. 
92<>,Vrosfta. 
i,Q.  Polega. 

926,  Jangelska,  home  finisher. 

927,  A.  Bogda. 
939,  J.  Soufel. 

930,  L.  Skivhardt. 

931,  Mrs.  Dahlms,  home  finisher. 

937,Chas.  Heider. 


039,Rich'ird  Wilier. 

941,  Mi*s  Dahms,  home  finisher. 

957,  John  Geceuartz. 

975,  Mrs.  HhelUi.  home  finisher. 


1006,  Johanna  Asetta.  home  finisher. 
1006,  B.  Beyer,  home  finisher. 


115,Sriener April  30 


Eighteenth  Place. 

113,Harda.  custom  tailor. 
147,  Wilier,  home  finisher. 


148.  Haines April  30 

148.  Karmaleck May  8  l48,Kubesh,  home  finisher. 


71,Jrenek  ... 
71,Jormalek. 


HO.Berlik. 
110,  Berlik. 


.May  18 
.May  18 


.May  4 
May8 


Fisk  Street. 

23,  Mrs.  Koshner,  home  finisher. 
39,  K.  Korn. 

59,  J.  Hrabak. 

60,  M.  Ciesal. 
60,  C.  Dome!. 


80,  Mr?,  Maschkora,  home  finisher. 
88,  Barbara  Schala,  home  finisher. 
96,  J.  Budilor.-ky. 

96,  J.  Honda. 

97,  J.  Lacina. 

97.  J.  Voatrocky. 


115,  M.  Kolar,  cigars. 

119,  J.  Fikusch,  custom  tailor. 


895,Stuler., 
929,\Vallin. 


1005,  Saltaor,  2  cases May  25 


M  in n in n  Street. 

864,  Miss  Ford,  shirt  maker. 
.June  19 

908,  Mary  Solinkmann,  finisher. 

.May  10929,  J.  Prick,  contractor  for  L.   Loewenstein  &  Co.,  122 
Franklin  st. 

943,  Sophie  Bchueler.  finisher. 

943,  F.  Schultz.  finisher. 

955,  Annie  Kroning,  finisher. 

957,  Annie  Michaels,  finisher. 


1007,  Mrs.  Kosh. 


48 


Small-Pox. 
1028 April  22 

1132,Kohung May  1" 

1138,Gaite May  10 

1232,Dolezal May  30 

1264 June  11 

1331  ,Melka,  2  cases Mayl 


II  iiiman  Street — Concluded. 

Tenement  House  Shop. 


1039.H.  Edelman.  finisher. 
1094,O/ia.s.  Grube,  cigars. 
1125,  Minnie  Otto,  finisher. 


1221,  L.  Srighardt. 
1257.E.  Figalis. 

1295,  J.  Kondellea. 
131 5,  K.  Killian. 


574,Slepizka 

574 June  11 

576,  Vavnum,  2  cases. . . 


582 June  1 

689,Ondrak Feb.  7 


Lafliii  Street. 

53(j,J.  Kabacek,  custom  tailor. 
568,  J.  Raska. 

570.  A.  Beheschek,  buttonholer. 

571,  Thoma^  Sasek. 

573,  Mrs.;Lawrence,  shirt  maker. 
June  6  574,  Mrs.  Salwich,  shirt  maker  far  A.  Lewin  &  Sons,  187 

Market  st. 
May  20  576. Mrs.  Broknap,  finisher. 

576,  Mrs.  Smallinsky,  home  finisher  for  A.  Lewin  &  Son, 

187  Market  st. 

578, Mrs.  Beeha,  shirt  maker. 

582,Mary  Pecha,  overall  maker  for  A.  Lewin  &  Sons, 187 
Market  st. 


South  Leavitt  Street. 


961 Feb. 24 

1037,  Stens June  25 

1083...  ...June  11 


834,Broysha.  home  finisher. 
925,  Edward  Kamies. 
933,  M.  Zellner. 


1039,  Jos.  Weiler.  cigars. 

1133, Mrs.  Douhbke,  shirts. 
1200,  F.  Carson. 


Loo  mis  Street. 

616.  Mrs.Wahlteick,  shirt  maker. 

636,  Joe  Brousek. 

636,  Chas.  iSkonjjy.cig&r  maker. 

640,  Mrs.  Hobka.  home  finisher. 

646,  James  Shofel. 

670,  Mrs.  Sweska,  home  finisher. 

675,  Jos.  Sanger,  custom  tailor. 

675,Chas.  Laska. 

677 June  8  677,  Annie  Hendina,  home  stitcher  for  Louis  Goodman  & 

Son,  156-158  Market  st. 
.John  Chleboun. 


700,  Harmach May  3 

714,  Smith June? 

715,  Perlinsky April  30 

715 May  14 

719,Galler...  ...June  6 

719,  Galler June  25 


727,  Cregis J  uhe  27 


742 April  16 

742,Duc May3 


695, 

703,  Frank  Mot  is. 


718,. 7.  Wellflf h,  cigars. 


722,  Frank  Prepeschal. 
22,J.  Jilk. 

^2,  Matousek. 

723,  (-}.  JiokuK,  cigar  maker. 

727 June  6  727,  John  Cuchne,  contractor  for  E.  Rothschild  &  Co. 

203-205  Monroe  st. 
731,  Mrs.  Coysoyed.  shirts. 
740, M.  Dvorak,  cigars. 


743,  Mrs.  Fidship.  shirts. 
756, Mrs.  Siek,  shirts. 


49 


Small-Pox. 
33,Kravetzky 


.April  28 


234,  Dolezal,  2  cases. 
240,Kezel 


..May3 
.June  4 


Marvin  Street. 

Tenement  House  Shop. 


-12,0.  Erickson,  custom  tailor. 
232,  J.  Beranek.  custom  tailor. 


245,  Albert  Mayer,  custom  tailor. 
247, Jo-.  Cerny,  custom  tailor. 
248,  John  Kocka,  custom  tailor. 


652,  Martinek,I2  cases. 
672,  Eazin . 


«96,  Ecek 

696 

6% 

699,  Stow 

1103,  Saukub. 


South  May  Street. 

646,  Frank  Neosinal,  custon  tailor. 
6C2,  Frank  Smith,  home  finisher. 

678.  Mrs.  Wagausch.  finisher. 
680,  Frank  Schuk.  coat  maker. 
680,  Mrs.  Peters,  home  finisher. 
682,  Mrs.  Popatka.  finisher. 
693,  A.  Sticka,  custom  tailor. 

May  18  696,  B.  Bosek,  custom  tailor  for  The  American  Tailors. 
Clark  and  Monroe  Fts. 


..May  24 
.June  11 
..May  11 
. . June  6 


West  Nineteenth  Street, 


206,  Keating. 
443,  Dudas... 


.April  22 
..May  21 


436,  Shulda,  2  cases May  8 


463,  Ofchada,  4  cases 


.May  16 
.June  6 


202,  A.  Havlin. 
442,  Frank  K'ava, 

444,  Frank  Ji?a,  coat  maker  for  Simon.  Leopold  &  Solo- 
mon. 165, 167  Market  st. 

444.  J.  Mydlil.  coat  maker  for  Hart,  Sehaffner  &  Marx. 
Jackson  and  Market  sts. 

450.  M.  Baumrucker. 

450,  J.  Risnicek. 

450,  F.  Coas. 

453,  V.  Tyler,  custom  tailor. 

458.  J  Kucera. 

460,  A.  Cumelik. 


471,  May  4 


562,  Krossman May  5 


628,  Harrington March  13 


646, 
674. 


.June  11 


—4  S. 


469,  Jos.  Matthous.  custom  tailor  for  Nicoll  the  Tailor, 
Adams  and  Clark  sts. 

495,  Mrs,  Fister.  shirts. 
504,  P.  Prucha,  custom  tailor. 
510,  Wm.  Gavis,  custom  tailor. 
510,  B.  Kuuik. 

548,  James  Kalat. 

549,  Peter  Daruret. 

550,  Jos.  Tourek. 
552,  Mrs.  Jeka.  shirts. 

557,  Mrs.  Burman,  shirts. 

558,  F.  Prucha. 

565,  Jos.  Hronek. 
567,  M.  Williams. 
567.  Frank  Hrawicka. 

567,  Bohonek. 

A.  Gep^ehek. 

568,  Thos.  Kaiser. 

587,  Mrs.  Henguriscb,  finisher. 
616,  Aug.  Teski. 

639,  Mrs.  Fremaeh,  shirts. 

640,  H.  Zitnek. 
644,  Ber. ha  Pease. 

.April  22  646,  Mrs,  Mineschek,  shirt  maker,  working  for  A.  Lewin 

&  Sons.  187  Market  st. 
654,  A.  Koslovska,  custom  tailor. 
674,  J.  Winbach.  cigars. 

678,  Minnie  Mohr. 
67!»,  A.  Bennett. 

679,  J.  Zicek. 


50 


West  Nineteenth  Street — Concluded. 


Small- For, 


690.  Matter 

a»*a_ 

698 , 


...May3 
.June  11 


Tenement  Hou.e  Shop. 


694,  Home  finisher,  name  unknown. 


732,  Witt. 


840, 
874. 
874. 


S84, 


892 

894,'Freda.'.'.'.'.'.' 
894,Poukopka. 
897.., 


.  June  25 
..May  31 
.June  13 
...May  9 


700,  Mrs.  latga.  home  finisher. 
7(>2,  Mrs.  Macly.  home  finisher. 
707,  Mary  Mieka. 
707,  Mrs.  Sass. 
.May  8 

764,  A.  Wenzloff. 
834,  E.  Fighas. 
.May  28 

.June  6  874,  Mrs.    Wollenberg,   home   finisher  for   Chas.   Mar- 
.  June  9  quardt,  955  Hinman  st.,  contractor  for  John  Harper, 

186,188  Fifth  av.,  C.  P.  Kellogg  &  Co..  167  Franklin 
fit..  Kohn  Bros.,  144  Market  St.,  L.  C.  Wachsmuth  & 
Co..  122  Market  st. 
875,  Chas.  Dvorak. 
879.  J.  Palka,  home  finisher. 
882,  Agnes  Schultz,  home  finisher. 
.Feb.  24884,  A.  Pavlovska,  finisher  for  Chas.  Marquardt,  a  con- 
tractor for  C.  P.  Kellogg  &  Co.,  167  Franklin  st., 
Kohn  Bros.,  144  Market  st.,  L.  C.  Wachsmuth  &  Co., 
122  Market  st.,  and  John  Harper,  186,188  Fifth  av. 
885.  Frank  Vlck. 
887,  Mrs.  Patoweka.    • 
889.  Frank  Soucek. 


917,Keonkowsky June  7 


:932,Troula May  15 


901,  James  Chizek,  custom  tailor  for  M.  Born,  256  Market 
street. 

909,  Mike  Davit. 

910,  Annie  Rieder,  home  finisher. 

918,  M.  Darett. 

918,  Home  finisher,  name  unknown. 

)20,  G.  Polega. 

921, Frank  Pavel. 

925,  Aug.  Bogda. 

932,  M.  Kukelski,  home  finisher. 


'947,Fiklik. 


1020,Hoise. 
1020,  Hoise. 


.May  23 
.June  9 


"1069 

1067 

a071,  Weise,  2  cases. 


April  22 
April  24 

.  March " 


935,  K.  Podelska,  home  finisher. 
942,  Mary  Drucelska,  home  finisher. 
943, Mary  Christni. 
HS,  Joseph  Jezek,  cigar- maker. 
944,  B.  KraPiwski,  home  finisher. 
644,  A.  Babit,  home  finisher. 

946,  Mrs.  Nossorinska.  home  finisher. 

May  17  947,  Mrs.  Dewinska.  home  finisher  for  E.  Molkentine, 
899  W.  20th  st..  a  contractor  for  John  Harper.  186 
Fi  th  av. 

949,Mis.'Roogela,  home  finisher. 
954,  Annie  Rogosonski,  home  finisher. 
964,  Mrs.  Noswinski,  home  finisher. 
964,  V.  Jerabek. 
966, Mrs.  Lucas,  shirts. 
969,  Annie  Kocka,  home  finisher. 

947,  Emily  Roe-ka.  home  finisher. 
979,  B.  Karithera,  home  finisher. 
984,  Agnes  Younger,  home  finisher. 
1011. Mr?.  Bilk,  shirts. 

1013,  \.  Foral,  home  finisher. 
1015,  Mrs.  Schrofscky. 


1023,  C.  Fox,  home  finisher. 

1031,  M.  Wrbunski. 

1033,  Emma  Projahn,  home  finisher. 

1037,  Mrs.  Fronek,  home  finisher. 

1038,  Wm.  Witt. 

1044,  Mrs.  Kolvinska,  home  finisher. 
1066,  Young,  custom  tailor. 


1080,  Mary  Kadlec,  home  finisher. 
1082,  Ma1  y  Hicman,  home  finisher. 
109J,  J.  Petka,  home  finisher. 
1002,  Mrs.  Vosboeska,  home  finisher. 


51 


Small-Pox. 


South  Oakley  Avenue. 

Tenement  House  Shop. 


1115,  Anderson May  25 

1143,  Richter,  2  cases April  26 

1157,  Miller...  ...June  14 


1032, Mrs.  Arnold,  knee-pants. 
1062,  F.  Ktoerck,  coat- maker. 
1081,  Mrs.  Bariger.  home  finisher. 


1149,Mrs.  Stark,  shirt-maker, 
l}54,John  Pe/ikanagar. 

\\12.-John  SlapaJc,  cigars. 
1172,  Mrs.  Manstrom. 


426  

.....  May  4 

405, 
407, 
415, 
415, 
419, 
426, 
431, 
4S6. 

574, 
585, 
586, 
596, 
596. 
614, 
625. 
643, 
671, 

698, 

7-2, 
711, 

770. 
773, 
775, 
775, 

783, 

794, 

796. 
796, 

832, 
S32, 
X33. 
838. 
839, 
845, 

436,  Smola... 

...May  15 

436  ;  

May  17 

476,  Verrick  

May   1 

683,  Kullmuski,6cases. 
689,  Schultz  

.January   6 
....May   8 

690,  Trusch,  2  cases  

May  17 

682...  

.  .  .  .  June  3 

694  

June  3 

697  

.  ...  June  8 

700,  H.  Carach.Scases. 
700,  Koluka  

May  2 
May  2 

704  

May  17 

726,  Puetski  

...May  7 

726,  Viseckl  ,  2  ca=es  

May  17 

732,  Hanselke  

...March  3o 

734,  Kolacek  

May   2 

734,  Kolacek  

May  7 

734,  Kolacek,  3  cases.  .. 

May  15 

736  

May   4 

737,  Bens  

May  25 

739.  Zezenski  

May  18 

744,  (  ialinska  

May  24 

744,  Sibek  

..  ..June  14 

714,  Sibek  

.  .  ..June  25 

755,  Volinsky  .... 

June  13 

757,  Lenzek,  3  cases  .  .  . 

April  27 

775,  Zezenske  

May  17 

781,  Maiseck  2  cases... 

.  ...  June  2 

785...  

June  25 

789,  Drysch  

....June  2 

796,  Krez  

.  .  .  May  5 

796,  Krez  

....  May   7 

797,  Chuelar  .  .  . 

May  15 

797  

June   8 

West  Seventeenth  Street. 


F.  Neraz. 
J.  Prochaska. 
Frank  Krira. 
Jos.  Chalk. 
Pinta. 

E.  Bubuck.  custom  tailor. 
J.  S.  Spiral. 

John  Vanchura,  coat  maker  for  L.  Abt  &'  Son, 
Market  et. 

J.  Jiracek,  custom  tailor. 

Maria  Hanstora.  shirts. 

Mrs  Decker,  shirts. 

John  Foyt. 

J  Polanka. 

Mrs.  Salensky.  home  finisher. 

L.  Martinek. 

J.  Cihak. 

Mrs.  Younger,  home  finisher. 


Mary  Donaska,  finisher. 

Mrs.  Blouzek,  shirts. 

J.  Hollechek,  custom  tailor. 


A.  Poklop.  cigars. 

Annie  Michalske,  finisher. 

Tyly  Hi;hter. 

Jos.  Bouchora,  home  finisher  for  Wm.  Franz,  927  W. 

17th  St.,  contractor  for  Kuh,  Nathan  &   Fischer, 

Franklin  st,  cor.  VanBuren. 

Mrs.  Knutt,  home  finisher. 


Mrs.  Schlablejicky,  finisher. 

John  Panushka,  tailor. 

Jos.  Daubek,  contractor  for  Chas.  P.  Kellogg  &  Co. 

Franklin,  cor.  Monroe  st.,  and  C.  &  L.  Nye.  23 

Blue  Island  av. 


P.  Anrtryschak,  finisher, 
Mrs.  Knutkonski,  finisher. 
J.  Andryschak.  finisher. 
M.iry  Salonska,  finisher. 
Frank  Vondracek,  shirts. 
C.  Hitzman. 


52 


West  Seventeenth  Street — Concluded. 


Small-Pox. 
849 .June 

863.  Bambrovska March  80 

864,  Hary  Zewska April  22 


903,  Klicka.  2  cases May  16 

903,  Klicka May  24 

907,  Kramp May  16 

909,Dolezal May  11 


1293 April  24 


Tenement  House  Shop. 


855,  J.  Jeracek. 


870,  Mrs.  Tuma,  finisher. 
902,  Socup,  custom  tailor. 


909,  F.  Parlac.  pants  maker  for  Oahn.Wampold  &  Co., 804- 

210  Monroe  st. 
919,  Taluzcheek.  shirts. 
923,  Elizabeth  Wackman,  finisher. 
927,  Wm.  Franz. 
939,  Eose  Hoiika,  home  finisher. 
1274.  Mrs.  Hens,  home  finisher. 
1267,  Mrs.  Celer. 

1297,  Aug.  Prieske. 


Sawyer  Avenue. 


998,Glasner May  29 

103",  4  cases May  20 

1037,  Terrey April  22 

1037,  Terrey,  2  cases May  10 

1047., ...Junell 


1136,  J.  Hondous,  coat  maker. 
1138,  Jos.  Stvejic,  coat  maker. 
1282,  A.  Mesek. 


West  Sixteenth  Street. 


456,Ellinger March  2 

695,Pitvacek May  7 


,J.  Kas. 
387,  T.  Vina. 
403,  F.  Hruda. 

509,  Wm.  Krahulic. 
509,  Edmund  Just. 
535,8.  Wertheimer. 


705,  J.Bozorsky,  coat  maker  for  Kuppenheimer  &  Co. 

Monroe  and  Franklin  sts. 
717 June  8  717,  J.  Konecy,  custom  tailor. 

717,  W.  Bolnicki,  custom  tailor. 

719,  Brozok May  1 

719,  Kangarski,  8  cases May  1 

1311, Shea June  18 


Throop  Street. 

|566,J.  Moravitz. 

568, F.  Beckwar,  custom  tailor. 
570. May  4 

576,  M.  Honolka. 

578,  J.  Peschek. 

583,8tadeck. 
590,  Simons May  12 

593,  J.  Richter,  cigars. 

604,  Leitner June  23 

605,  Stefan June  13605,  J.  Benesek,  home  finisher. 

612..F.  Polifka.  cigars. 

616.F.  Balik. 

633,  J.  Venopal. 

640,  Braaschashar April  22 

640 June  4 

645,Meydrick May  12  645,  J.  Cerenek,  custom  tailor  for  A.  A.  Devore  &  Sons. 

Michigan  av.  and  Adams  st. 

656,  A.  Herda. 
663 April  22  662.J.  Formanek.  cigars. 

665. M.  Xalina,  cigars. 

666,  Frank  Nerna. 


667,Omdrach May  17 


668,  Wm.  Schmidt,  custom  tailor. 

673,  H.  Stasny. 

673, Barbara  Nemicek,  woolen  shirts. 


53 


718,Bubel June  13 


Tenement-House  Shop. 


Small-Pox. 

689,  Jansky Jan.  30 

705 June  1 1 

714,  Hotek June  14 

715,  Boucharis. 
718 May  20  718,  Mrs.  Kamm,  home  finisher. 


721, Mrs.  Budish.  home  finisher. 


1070 May  4 

1072 May  25 

1072 May  30 

1097,  Palon June  6 

1103 June  9 

1107,  DeLecke May  17! 

1144,  Res.  4  cases May  10' 


Troy  Street. 

1024,  T.  Harleck. 
K42,  M.  Pouchakas. 
10 «3,  A.  Hofriter. 
1049,  John  Friedel. 


1108,  Vinge April  20 

1207,  Carney June  1 


1156,  L.  Hallupa. 

1167,  Schultz,  custam  tailor. 


West  Twentieth  Street. 

"West  from  Fisk  street. 

269,  2cases April  26  259,  John  Tika,  contractor  for  M.  Born  &  Co.,  256  Mon- 
roe St. 

321,  JoJm  Keliekes,  cigars. 
323,  B.  Steyhal,  custom  tailor. 


846,  Budvicky May  29 

474,  Rovoyny May  1 

488,  Cerveny May  17 

484,  Vlata May  30 


660,  Dania May  26 

6G9  Zindel June  1 

669,  Zindel June  14 

669.  Zindel June  28 


9,  2  cases May  4 


774 May25 

780.  Litzky May  15 

780..  May  28 


817...  June  25 


856,Kirchoff __,. 

856,  Kirchoff April  30  856 


856.  Kirchoff May  1 

857 June  12 


487,  Mrs.  Wurhamoritz,  home  finisher. 
491,  Mrs.  Carvenske,  home  finisher. 

499,  Mrs.  Soper,  shirt  maker. 

500,  Frank  Zacher. 
524,  V.  Krecek. 

539,  Vaclav  Zaloudek. 

539,  Ole  Hebbe. 

544,  Mrs.  Tismor,  shirt  maker. 

546,  J.  Baumel.  custom  tailor. 

546,  Mrs.  J.  Tiro,  shirts. 

547,  JohnBesek. 

>54,  Mrs.  Bresaus.  shirts. 

580.  Teos.  Vosecky,  custom  tailor. 

fill,  John  Komovous. 

617,  A.  Yefschek. 

617,  J.  Zeiiheimer. 

652,  Mrs.  Smith. 

655,  Mrs.  Bue?ch,  shirts  and  waists. 

659,  Mrs.  Strousk.  cloaks. 


684,  L.  Greene. 

693,  J.  Melrdlrks.  cigars. 

739,  Frank  Stasney. 

741,  Wm.  Jtheinfels.cig&rs. 


787,  M.  Boechert. 
809,  G.  Koeller 


sttl, 


Agnes  Smith. 
April  24  866,  Herman  Gaske,  finisher. 

"  Fred  Gabel,  home  finisher  for  Charles  Marquardt, 
955  Hinman  st.,  a  contractor  for  C.  P.  Kellogg  & 
Co. ,167  Franklin  st,  and  Kohn  Bros.,  144  Market 
st.,  and  L.  C.  Wachsmuth  &  Co.,  122  Market  st. 


54 


West  Twentieth  Street.— Concluded. 


8mall-Pox. 


910,  Heinig May  9 


931  May  10 

952,  Krause June  11 

955 May  24 

959 May  24 

971,  Bendin May  10 

1009 May  4 

1011...  March  19 


1268 May  20 


Tenement  House  Shop. 

858,  Wm.  Farber,  coatmaker  for  L.  C.  Wachsmuth  &  Co.. 

122  Market  st. 
877,  Oesterreicher. 
8i>9,  R.  Molkentlne. 
901,  Bertha  Burke,  home  finisher. 

911,  Mrs.  Tierman,  home  finisher. 

913,  Mrs.  Knorr,  home  finisher. 

914,  Wm.  Treder. 

\  Mrs.  Neuser,  finisher. 


9(j9,  Jos.  Kochauska,  finisher. 
1043,  W.  Wilier. 
1068,  F.  Platz. 
1071,  F.  Platz. 
1078,  S.  Haller. 


West  Twenty-first  Street. 

561,  A.  Bennett. 

622.  G.  B,  Tietz,  cigars. 

623,  L.  Sareske. 
Twenty-first   and     Loomis    sts., 

Johnston May  13 

625,  Kolka April  28,625,  Joseph  Kolka,  sweater  coat  maker  for  Pfaelzer,  But- 
ton &  Co.,  Franklin  and  VanBuren  sts. 
629.J.  Nemecek. 
650,  J.  Freland.  cigars. 
694,  J.  Titek. 

790,  Mrs.  Kraft,  shirts  and  waists. 
794,Emile  Freytaer,  finisher. 
818,  Minnie  Freshke,  finisher. 


991 June  9 


1020,  Messer May  26 

1020 June  6 


833,  M.  Spree,  finisher. 
872,  B.  Stoeffhas,  cigars. 

inos,L.  Koch,  finisher. 

1006.  Chas.  Bratzhoff,  finisher. 


1200,Pacroak June  20 

1214,Mraz..  May  20 

1215,  Kula June  21 

1221 ...May  22 

1329,81ade If  ay  12 


104<;,.Tohn  Neuzel,  custom  tailor. 
104C,  H.  Mika,  shirt  maker. 
1193,  Frank  Ha  ~eks. 

1211, M.  Dvorak. 


1292,  Frank  Stengl,  cigars. 
1447,  F.  Marek. 


Twenty-first  Court. 


506,  Wastlewstsky April  30 


576,  Christ  ofek. 
585,Polprok... 
596 


..May  18 
.  June  26 
..June  7 


560,.7o/m  Fink,  cigarmaker. 
563,  Frank  Kolar. 
565, Frank  Both. 


625, F.  Kodack. 


Twenty-fifth  Place. 


205 April  12 


63,Kadou,  home  finisher. 
125, M.  Ribik,  custom  tailor. 
149,  Mrs.  Martin,  shirt  maker. 
149,  Mrs.  Fuchs,  shirt  maker. 


55 


Twenty-fifth  Place— Concluded. 


Small-Pox. 


242,Irvlng May  11 


Tenement  House  Shop. 


233,  Mrs.  Watsick,  shirt  maker. 
239.  V.  Sherry. 

599,  E.  Locust,  custom  tailor. 


West  Twenty-second  Street. 


750, March  19 

796,  Werner June  14 

821 May  29 


725,Somas. 

748,  G.  Wandersee,  custom  tailor. 


997,  J.  Slapak. 

1026,  Peter  Fuerts,  cigars. 

1037 June  4 

1402,  Merkonowski May  15 

1582 April  22 

1616 May  23 

1636, Eanda,  5  cases May  22  1636,  Anton  Eanda,  custom  tailor  for  Kelley  Bros.,  268 

S.  State  st. 


West  Twenty-fifth  Street. 


25 ....April  22 

»»*v=-- 

172,Kellihar May  24 

174, Oakland....  May  21 

210,  Carey June  18 

tr-  • 

273 April  24 

375 June  7 

877,  Wicke May  13 

377,  Ruffhagen June  6 


508 April  24 


629,Miehlke May  25 


637,Larek April  30 

538,Vicha April  30 

546  Blood  May  7  546,  Mrs.  Movatch,  shirts. 

664 April  22 


573,Stroedel April  26 

684 May  29 

586,  Glenowitz May  29 

601.Vemifch.ek April  30 

660 April  24 

66i>,  Saukub May  10 

6t>3 J  une  8 

1270,Elland May  10 


41.  John  Kadlec,  custom  tailor. 


226,  Mrs.  Furst,  shirts. 


410,  Mrs.  Sullivan,  shirts. 
445,  James  Martin. 
505,J.Vlack. 

523,  Mrs.  Mattias,  shirts. 
524,J.Wallin. 
52«,Mrs.  Furcht,  shirts. 
528,Mrs.  Kolat,  shirts. 

530.  Charles  Kircleous. 


5(i5.  Mrs.  Richards,  finisher. 
572,  V.  Jeran.  custom  tailor. 


Van  Horn  Street— (Beginning  at  Laflin  Street). 


625,  Joseph  Marzek. 

625,  F.  Malerac. 

625,  J.  Kristle. 

632,  Mrs.  Proskok,  shirts. 

683.  Mrs.  Fill p,  shirts. 

640,  Mrs.  Barash,  homo  finisher. 

640,  Anni^  Jaroby.  shirts. 

643,  Mrs.  Heabacka.  shirts. 

643,  Mrs.Coonling,  shirts. 

682,  A.Truskn,  custom  tailor. 

682,  J.  Fybecki,  custom  tailor. 

687,  Mrs.  VVinkelshoper,  finisher. 

6t8,Mrs.  Varley.  shirts. 


Van  Horn  Street — Continued. 


Small-Pox. 
696.... 

...April  22 

696, 

696, 
703, 
711, 
71), 

722, 
734, 
745, 
745, 
748, 
748, 
748, 
755, 
763, 
766, 

784, 
799, 

802. 

906, 
907, 
911. 
913, 

922 
922, 
923, 
925, 
927, 

928, 
932, 
932, 
934, 
935, 
940, 
941, 

944. 
944, 
945, 
945, 
947, 

949, 
952, 
953, 

954, 
950, 
968, 
970. 
970, 
970. 

981, 
987, 
987, 
992, 
992, 
996, 

696,Kasik  

...April  30 

718,  Burianek  

...April  30 

721  Manipaka  

June  9 

i     ••:  o 

770,  Jonas  

.  .  .  April  27 

771  Sewalska  

....May  24 

771  Bariobiak  

...June  16 

773             

...April  22 

77)  

...April  24 

r-^**i  -  •>—  , 

797  JSchmitt  

...April  27 

801  Vouscha  

...April  27 

801,  Two  cases  

May  8 

801  

June  9 

802   .  .. 

...April  24 

803  

June  6 

897  

...April  22 

907  

....April  24 

918  

....April  22 

$27,  Wessal  

May  12 

941.  Vartouek  

....May  12 

947  

....April  22 

963  

May  4 

974    Adler  

....June  18 

998,  . 

....April  22 

998.  ., 

,  .  .  May  4 

Tenement  House  Shop. 

T.Tylecki.  custom  tailor,  working  for  John  Hassar, 

226  S.  Halated  st. 

i'seph  Aoklop,  qigars. 
Mrs.  Dziadul,  cloaks. 
J.  Dusek. 
Frank  Gratzek,  shirts. 


Mrs.  Adams,  home  finisher. 
Mary  Kriracek,  shirts. 
Frank  Fiala,  shirts. 
John  Fi''lip,  custom  tailor. 
Mrs.  Prochaska,  shirts. 
Joseph  Prochaska,  shirts. 
Annie  Prochaska,  shirts. 
Mrs.Wi?chnewska,  home  flnisher. 
Joseph  Masek. 
John  Peeing. 


A.  Fenzel. 

Mrs.  Slumetzka,  shirts. 

Frank  Maisher,  shirts. 


M.  Dongilla. 

Mrs.  Seymauek,  home  finisher. 
Mrs.  Kienarovska,  home  flnisher. 
JStrewpleska,  home  flnisher. 

Konehan,  home  finisher. 

Knickert,  home  finisher. 

Annie  Bardenska,  home  finisher. 

Mrs.  Tuma,  home  finisher. 

Frances  Ostrowska,  home  flnisher  for  Chas,  Mar- 

quardt,955  Hinroan  st.,  a  contractor  for  Kohn  Bros.. 

144  Market  st.,  C.  P.  Kellogg  &  Co..  144  Market  st, 

and  L.  C.  Wachsmuth  &  Co.,  122  Market  st. 
Mary  Betraus,  home  flnisher. 
Mrs.  Sauer,  home  flnisher.  . 

Mrs.  Kessler,  home  flnisher. 
K.  Pasaic,  home  flnisher. 
Mrs.  Kevdrowsky,  home  flnisher. 
'/'/ins.  Kraji'-ek,  cigars. 
Mrs.  Hoffmann,  home  finisher  for  W.  Franz,  927  W. 

)7th  st.,  contractor  for  Kuh,  Nathan  &  Fischer,  cor. 

VanBuren  and  Franklin  sts. 
Mrs.  Cuse,  home  flnisher. 
Mrs.  Lux,  home  finisher. 
Mrs.  Jerabek,  home  finisher. 
Lizzie  Taraba,  home  flnisher. 
M.  Tarcaba,  home  finisher  for  W.  Franz.  927  W.  17th 

St.,  contractor   for   Kuh,  Nathan  &  Fischer,  cor. 

Franklin  and  VanBuren  sts. 
Mrs.  SiKasa.  home  finisher. 
J.  Jelinek,  custom  tailor. 
Mary  Kakosczkova,  home  finisher  for  W.  Franz,  927 

W.  17rh  st ,  a  contractor  for  Kuh,  Nathan  &  Fischer, 

cor.  Franklin  and  VanBuren  sts. 
Jos.  Fikiesz. 

Mrs.  Kracinska,  home  flnisher. 
Mrs.  A.  Younger,  home  flnisher. 
Mrs.  Schwartz,  home  flnisher. 
Mrs.  Grutsky,  home  flnisher. 
Mrs.  Nyberrick,  home  flnisher. 

F.  Swoboda,  sweater. 
F.  Prospal,  home  flnisher. 
Mary  Batelka,  flnisher. 
Frances  Tauhern,  home  flnisher. 
Mrs.  Buserbulb,  home  flnisher. 
James  Kadic. 


Van  Horn  Street — Concluded. 
Small-Pox.  Tenement  House  Shop. 

1005,  Mrs.  Fautana,  home  finisher. 
1005.  Mrs.  Spinka.  home  finisher. 


1007,  Holuopek 

10U7,  Holoupek,  2  cases. 


...June  4 
..June  15 


1010,  Chas.  Opitz, 

1011.  Peter  Otto,  pants-maker  for  Gahn,  Wampold  &  Co., 

204-210  Monroe  st. 

1017,  F.  an^l  A.  Schlenisky,  home  finishers. 
1019.  Mrs.  Pewandopsky.  shirts. 


102t        

June  27 

1040,  Mrs.  Buskevek,  home  finisher  for  Peter  Otto.  1011 
VanHorn  St..  contractor  for  Cahn,  Wampold  &  Co.. 
204-210  Monroe  St. 
1042,  Mrs.  Siere,  home  finisher. 

1052.  Mrs.  Beanke. 
1060,  Jos.  Malek. 

1025      

April  12 

1(140  

April  22 

1010   Buskevek  

June  21 

1044  Kencel  

May  7 

lOSft.ZIetk  
1169.  Merdl  

...April  22 
May  10 

1062    . 

April  22 

lOtJS.Ticek... 

...May  21 

1118,  Novak . 
1118,  Novak . 


1125.Buki 


1071,  Jo  An  Balor,  cigars. 

40!<6,JohnCezek. 

1085.  V.  Kozan,  cigars. 

1090,  Jos.  Dundr,  cigars. 

1090,  F.  Tittlach.  custom  tailor. 

1090,  Mrs.  Marsher.  home  finisher. 

1002.  Mrs.  Doubek.  home  finisher. 

1105.  F.  Bost. 

1106,  Jos.  Hlavak,  cigars. 
11 13,  John  Zajicek.  cigars. 

May  17  1118.  Chas.  Pesehek,  coat-maker  for  Ederheimer,  Stein  & 

Co..  cor..  Market  and  Jackson  sts. 
UlS.Josie   Novak,  shirt- maker  for  Seaman  Bros.,  244 

Monroe  st. 
1121,  Chas.  Wolf,  home  finisher. 


.May  28 
.May  17 


1138,  John  Hansen. 


South  Wood  Street. 


800,  Jiseha,  2  cases April  27 

813.  Novak June  20 


851 May  24 

85<i.Machy.  2cases May  13 


817,  W.  Wilkovsky. 

813,  Mrs.  Mandel,  home  finisher. 


856,  F.  J.  Dalezal,  coatmaker  for  L.  Loewenstein  &  Co. 
122  Franklin  st. 


Wallace  Place. 


3.  Williams May  24 

9...  ..May  4 


6,  Mrs.  Kurofski.  home  finisher. 
8.  J.  Piderman. 

10.  J.  F.  Novak,  custom  tailor. 


Zion  Place. 

|14,JohnZak. 
29,Buhnba April  12  20,  James  Honota,  contractor  for  Hirsch.  Elson  &Co. 


2<i,8chmitt April  26 

20 May  10 

26,Jongny May  12 

26,Kaus?hin May  18 

26,Vicheck June  4 


35.  Marvan April  30 

35,  Marvan,  4  cases June  19 


-5  S. 


160-162  Market  st. 


27,  Jos.  Houdrak. 

27,  Mrs.  Lismanski,  home  finisher. 

31,  James  Prepeschal. 


36,  James  Bades. 

39.  M.  Daisy,  night  finisher. 


